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MICRO JOURTW.
OS-9 Atari Amiga Mac S-50
6900 6809 68008 69000 690 10 690Z0 69030
The Magazine fax Motorola CtV Device* For Over a Decade!
Tills Issue: ttfit
»C M User Notes p.4
Basically OS-9 p. 14
Logically Speaking p.21
FORTH p. 39
Mac Watch p.43
SK*D06 Atari knit*
OS-3 FLEX Midniosh Alter Cmlritvlarjemet
And Lois Morel
The problem with most real-lime operating systems is
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2 invcnwpt inputs
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*J S s T3rB*- Systems World-Wide
Computer Publishing, Inc. 5900 Cassandra Smith Road
Telephone 615 842-4601 - Tele* 51 600-6630 Hi«on, Tn 37343
68 Woo Journal
January '89
A Member of the CPI Family
68 Micro
Journal
10 Years of Dedication to Motorola CPU Users
6800 6809 68000 68010 68020
The Originator of "DeskTop Publishing 71
Publisher
Don Williams Sr.
Executive Editor
Larry Williams
Production Manager
Tom Williams
Office Manager
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Subscriptions
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Contributing & Associate Editors
Ron Anderson Dr. E.M. "Bud'* Pass
Ron Voigts An Welter
Doug Lurie Dr. Tbeo Elbert
Ed Law & Hundreds More of Us
•.!*■■■•-.' r
"C'UscrNolcs
Basically OS-9
Logically Speaking
FORTH
Mac-Watch
L
4
14
21
39
43
Pass
Voigts
Jones
Lurie
Law
'-
^s
Intelligent Write/Erase MC68HC1 1
EEPROM Devices 46 Pinteric
Bit Bucket 52
Classifieds 56
68 MICRO JO
■ ■■■■ -,/
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PUBLISHING, INC.
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68 Micro Journal
/T
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68 Micro Journal
January '69
The C Programmers
Reference Source.
Always Right On Target!
( C User Notes
A Tutorial Series
By: Dr. E. M. 'Bud' Pass
1454 Una I-ane N.W.
Conycrs,GA30207
404 483-1717/4570
Computer Systems Consultants
INTRODUCTION
This chapter concludes the presentation of a binary file editor and discusses certain problems with the techniques by which
standard C language compilers perform computations
C COMPUTATIONS
As with many other detailed aspects of
the C language, the standaids leave
many specifics of computations to the
implementor. It is the programmer's
responsibility to be aware of and avoid
I he common traps.
Since division of integers is always
performed in integer mode, the division
of a smaller number by a larger number
(in absolute value) will always produce
zero. Computations must be properly
arranged to ensure that incorrect results
arc not produced because of division
truncation.
Thus, the expression (A * B / C) should
usually be stated as ((A * B) / C). not
as (A * (B / C», so that a larger value
will be generated by the multiplication
operation before the division operation
is performed. This will ensure more
accurate results.
For example. ((3 * 4) / 5) = 2, but {3 *
(4 / 5)) = 0, using integer arithmetic
and division truncation, not rounding.
Assuming that the multiplication
operation will be performed before the
division operation, in the absence of
parentheses, will lead to incorrect
results on some implementations.
Thus, (3*4/5) may be or 2,
depending upon the implementation.
Unfortunately, performing multiplica-
tions before division does not necessar-
ily solve the problem. Most C compil-
ers will promote the operations of an
expression to the type of the highest
subexpression, to maintain the accuracy
of the expression.
Thus, if A, B, and C above are 16-bit
short integers, the expression will have
type short int. Most C compilers will
recognize that the product of two 16-bit
values requires 32 bits to maintain, and
will perform the multiplication and
division using 32-bit operations.
However, if the subexpressions are 32-
bit long integers, many C compileis
will not extend the temporary results to
64 bits, as the hardware for 64-bit com-
putations is usually not available on 32-
bit machines and the loss of efficiency
requited to call subroutines to perform
the extended precision arithmetic may
be considered excessive.
Most C compilers will not even warn
the programmer or user that the
computation may be or is actually
subject to high-order truncation,
leading to potentially disastrous
situations in which the numbers being
used to lest an algorithm, but some
combinations of actual inputs cause
overflow or division by zero, another
common problem.
In the 64-bit case, the programmer
must determine that this treatment is
always adequate for the specific case,
specify double-precision floating-point
calculations, or perform the extended
precision integer operations assuming
32-bit precision. The latter approach
may be easily accomplished for
addition and subtraction, but the
multiply algorithm is somewhat more
complex and the divide algorithm is
substantially more complex.
The floating-point approach has the
disadvantages of loss of speed and of
loss of accuracy, in addition to usually
making the object program larger, in
the majority of cases, due to the
floating-point subroutines. Further-
more, floating-point libraries have
historically been prone to subtle types
of errors of their own, and this ap-
proach should be avoided if not essen-
tial to the calculations.
Another point of difference among C
compilers relates to sign extension.
Most C programmers are aware of the
sign extension considerations as they
relate to variables of type char, since
this varies significantly among compil-
ers.
C programmers ate usually less aware
of the sign extension rules for such
arithmetic and logical operations as
right shifts. In fact, K & R specified
that sign extensions for right shifts are
left to the specific implementation. In a
January '89
66 Micro Journal
small sample of seveial compileis, half extended the sign and half did not. Two of the compileis pioviding different results
produced code for the same hardware, showing that the designers of the compilers had different opinions for sign-extending
right shifts.
EXAMPLE C PROGRAM
Following is this month's example C program; it is the second pan of zap, as discussed earlier. The remainder is presented in
the previous chapter.
/* search value in file */
search ()
(
int bt; /* first byte thereof »/
int chr;
long first;
union •
I
long 11;
char ss[4] ;
) uu;
if (!gt_val ("Search for ? ", 4uu.ll))
return;
if (!gt_val ("Start at ? *, isstart))
return;
if (!gt_val ("Stop at ? ", iennd) )
return;
/* tenporary using first to hold EOF value */
first - laeek (fileno(zf), 01, 2);
if (I ennd)
(
if (f_verbose)
<
v_fprintf (stderr, "EOF at ") ;
V_fprintf (stderr, deffnit [cur_printmoda) , first);
Vfprintf (stderr, "\n") ;
)
ennd - first - cur_type + 1;
)
if (a start > ennd)
(
remark ("start > end", OL) ;
return ;
)
if (ennd > first)
<
if (f_verbose)
remark ("end > EOF, truncated", OL) ;
ennd - first;
I
/* end of using first to hold ECF value */
tifndef S£ARCH_ACTDAL
if (fseek (zf, sstart, 0))
(
V_fprintf (stderr, "cannot position to ") ;
V_fprintf (stderr, deffnit [cur_printnode] , sstart);
V_fprintf (stderr, ~\n") ;
return;
)
lendif
(void) signal (SIGINT, quitsearch) ;
/* shift to align */
68 Micro Journal January 89 5
if (!swab)
(
if (cur_type — BYTE)
uu.33[0] - uu.ss[3|;
else
if (cur_type — HOBO)
(
uu.ss(0] - uu.ss[2];
uu.as[l] - uu.ss[3J;
1
1
bt - BYTEVAL (uu.33[0J);
first - sstart;
diddots - interrupted - FALSE:
while (sstart < ennd)
(
/* print a dot for every IK processed */
if |!f_silent it (!( (first - sstart) i 0x3f f ) ) it sstart > first)
(
V_printf <".">;
(void) fflush (stdout);
diddots - TRUE;
I
iifdef SeARCH_ACTUAL
/* searching the actual values (very slow) */
if (get_value (sstart) — bt)
I
if (cur_type — BYTE)
foundit (sstart) ;
else
if (getvalue (sstart + 1L) — BYTEVAL (uu.ss(l] ) )
(
if (cur_type — WORD)
foundit (sstart) ;
else
if ( (get_value (sstart 4 2L) — BYTEVAL (uu.ss [2] ) ) H
(get_value (sstart + 3D — BYTEVAL (uu. ss[3] ) ) )
foundit (sstart) ;
)
)
start++;
lelse
/* searching the old contents of the file */
if (fgetc (zf) — bt)
(
if (cur_type — BYTE) /* looking for byte is easy */
foundit (sstart) ;
else
<
chr - fgetc (zf ) ;
if (chr — BYTEVAL (uu . ss [ 1 )) )
(
if (cur_type — WORD)
(
foundit (sstart) ;
ungetc (chr. zf ) ;
)
else
(
chr - fgetc (zf ) ;
if (chr — BYTEVAL (uu.ss [2] ) )
(
chr - fgetc (zf ) ;
January '89 &8 Micro Journal
if (chr — BiTfcVAL (uu.ss(3]) )
foundit (aatart) ;
}
f seek (zf , astait + 1L, 0) ;
)
}
else
ungate (chr, zf ) ;
)
}
sstart++;
if (ferror (zf ) | | feof (zf ) )
quit^search () ;
tendif
) /* while (sstart < ennd) */
if (diddots)
V_printf P\n");
(void) signal (SIGINT, SIGDFL) ;
if (!f_batch SS interrupted)
(
Vj>rintf ("Interrupted at ") ;
V_printf (def f f nit tcur_printnode] , sstart);
V_printf ("\n");
}
}
/* print verification list */
verify ()
(
long addr;
/* display all modifications entered until now. display in portions
* of cur_printnode. align to lower cur_type boundary */
for (addr - 01, tbl_ptr - tbl; tbl_ptr !- tbl_froe: tbl_ptr++)
if (tbl_ptr->addr >- addr)
I
addr - tbl_ptr->addr & ~(cur_type - 1);
Vprintf ("vfy: ") ;
V_printf (defffmt [cur_printmode) , addr) ;
Vprintf ("%c %-7s -> », dp_type[cur_type] , pr_val (addr, FALSE)),
V~printf ("%-7s\n", prjval (addr, TRUE));
addr +- cur_type;
>
)
int gt_line (dst, prompt, argl, arg2, arg3, arg4)
char *dst;
char *pronpt;
long argl;
long arg2;
char arg3;
char *arg4;
1
if (pronpt && !f_Bilont)
V_printf (prompt, argl, arg2, arg3, arg4);
(void) f flush (stdout) ;
if <!gets (dst))
{
if (f_batch it !f_silent)
V_printf ("teofl\n");
♦ifndef vaxc
(void) putchar (*\a*);
tendif
68 Micro Journal January '89
return (NULL);
1
if (fbatch it !f_ailent)
V_printf C*%3\n", dat);
if (dat[0] — ♦*' it dattl) — '2' it dat[2] — '\0')
return (FALSE);
else
return (TROE) ;
)
int gt_val (pronpt, 1)
char *pronpt;
long *1;
(
»1 - 01;
while (gt_line (buf, p miyt , OL, OL, '\0', NULL))
<
if (idecod (buf, 1))
return (TRUE) ;
(
return (FALSE) ;
I
/* display value, using current aettinga (result is in atatic area) */
char *pr_val (addr, cur)
long addr;
int cur; /* 1 m use current, - use previous */
I
char *cp;
int i;
long val;
atatic char dat [64];
laat_value - 0;
if (cur_printnode — ASCII)
<
cp - dat;
for (i « 0; i < cur_type; i++)
{
val - getbyte (addr) ;
addr++;
if (val >- ' ' M val < 0177 && val !- <\V)
*cp++ - val;
else
{
*cp++ - >\\';
awitch ( (int )BYTEVAL (val ) )
<
caae '\b' :
*cp++ - V ;
break;
caae ' \n' :
*cp++ - 'n' ;
break;
caae »\t' :
*cp++ - *t«;
break;
caae »\f :
*cp++ - "f;
break;
caae *\r' :
*cp++ - *r';
January w 68 Micro Journal
break ;
case '\V:
*cp++ - *\V;
break ;
default:
V_sprintf (cp, Mo", val);
while (*cp)
cp++;
break;
\
I
*cp++ - * ';
)
*cp - *\0' ;
l
else
(
val - 01;
switch (cur_typa)
I
case BYTE :
val - getbyte (addr) ;
break;
case WORD:
if (swab)
{
val - getbyte (addr + 1L);
val - (val « S) | getbyte (addr );
t
else
i
val - getbyte (addr ) ;
val - (val « 8) 1 getbyte (addr ♦ 1L) ;
\
break;
case LWOfifl :
if (swab)
(
val - getbyte (addr + 3D ,
val - (val « 8) I getbyte (addr + 2L) j
val - (val « 8) | getbyte (addr + 1L) j
val - (val « 8) | getbyte (addr ) ;
I
else
{
val - getbyte (addr )
val - (val « 8) | getbyte (addr + 1L) ;
val - (val « 8) | getbyte (addr + 2L) ,
val - (val « 8) | getbyte (addr + 3L) ;
)
break ;
)
if ( (lastjvalue - val) II cur_printmode !- OCTAL)
V_sprintf (dst, deffmt [curprintroda] , val) ;
else
(void) strcpy (dst, "0");
l
return (dst) ;
)
static char *frat [) -
{
w 0%051o 0*051o»c *-7s
68 Mcro Journal January "89
"%61d %61d%c %-7s ",
~x%OSld x*051x%c %-7s *,
w 0%051o 0%051o%c %-7s "
J;
zap (fname)
char * fname;
{
char chr; /* scratch */
int check; /* checksum value */
int checkwrite; /* check for write access */
int goon; /* until *Y is used */
int i; /* scratch */
int need_head; /* header toggle */
long base; /* base of patching sequence */
long offset; /* offset from base */
long val; /* holding variable for values */
checkwrite - TRUE;
goon - TRUE;
/* open file */
tifdef MSOOS
if (! (zf - fopen (foams, (f_write) ? "rb+" : "rb") ) )
♦else
if (!(zf - fopen (fname, (f_write) ? "r+" : "r") ) )
lendif
cant (fname) ;
/* set defaults and allocate table */
cur_type - BYTE;
cur_printncde - OCTAL;
if (!tbl)
(
if (!(tbl - (struct ntry *)
calloc { (unsigned) tbl_max, sizeof (struct ntiy ))))
error ("no room for table") ;
J
tbl_cur - tbl_free - tbl;
prevent - 0; /* reset previous location table */
/* loop 1 : loop on Base values */
while (goon && gt_val ("Base ? ", (base))
(
/* loop 2 : loop on offset values */
while (goon it gtval ("Offset ? ", Sof fset) )
<
need_head - TRUE;
/* loop 3 : loop on patch commands */
while (goon)
(
if (need_head it !f_silent)
Vprintf ("Base Offset Value New\n") ;
need_head - FALSE;
if (!gt_line (buf, fmt [cur printnode) , base, offset,
dp_type [cur_type] , pr_val (base + offset, TRUE)))
break;
switch (buftO))
J
case '\0' :
I* close current, advance and open new location */
offset +- cur_type;
break;
case '/' :
/* re-open current using new type */
cur_type - WORD;
10 January '89 68 Mao Journal
break ;
case *\V:
/* re-open current using new type */
cur_type - BYTE;
break;
case ' | ' :
/* re-open current using new type */
cu retype - LWORD;
break;
case **• :
if (!buf[l]>
(
/* close current, back up and open new location */
offset — cur_type;
break;
>
if (buffi] !- l f | | buf [2])
break;
/* FALL THROUGH */
case *\031' : /* *1 */
goon - FALSE;
break ;
case *>' :
/* goto new location *l
if (Idecod (Sbuffl), Sval) )
{
push_loc (base + offset) ;
offset - buf [1] ? val : last_value;
1
break;
case '<*:
/* goto location V
if (bufll] — *\0' ti prevent > 0)
offset - pop_loc (> - base;
break ;
case '; ' :
/* change current display mode ... */
chr - buf [11;
if (isupper (chr) )
chr " tolower (chr) ;
if (chr — >o')
cur_printmode - OCTAL;
else
if (chr — >d')
cur_printnode - DECIMAL;
else
if (chr — 'x' )
cur_printmode - HEX;
else
if /* ... or store ascii bytes ... */ (chr — % a' )
(
cur_printmode - ASCII;
for (i - 2; chr - buffi); i++)
(
if (checkwrite SS !f_write)
(
need_head - TRUE;
checkwrite - FALSE;
remark ("no write access", 0L) ;
J
put_byte (base + offset, chr) ;
offset++;
I
68 Mcro Journal j«„iuwi M 11
January '89
1
else
if /* ... or print modifications ... */ (chr — 'v' )
I
verify () ;
need_head - TRCE;
)
else
if /* ... or search values */ (chr — 's')
1
search ();
need_head - TROE;
)
break ;
default :
if ({i - decod (buf, Sval) ) <- 0)
{
if (checkwrite SS !f write)
{
need_head - TRUE;
checkwrite - FALSE;
remark ("no write access", OL) :
}
put_value (base + offset, val) ;
if <!i)
offset +- cur_type;
else
offset -™ cur_type;
)
)
/* loop on patch commands */
J
/* loop on offset values */
)
/* loop on base values */
}
/* compote checksum, if requested */
if (f_check I I f_sum)
{
check ■ 0;
for (tbl_cur - tbl; tbl_cur !- tbl_free; tbl_cur++)
check "— (BYTEVXL (tbl_cur->val) |
( (tbl_cur->old « 8> t Oxf fOO) ) ;
if (f_sum)
(
V_printf ("Checksum - "> ;
V_printf (deffnC [cur_printmo<te] , check);
V_printf ("An");
}
1
/* apply patches, after checksum verification */
tbl_cur - tbl;
if (f_write)
(
/* verify checksum */
if (f_check)
while (gt_val ("Checksum ? *, tval))
if (val — check I | f_batch)
break ;
if (! (f_check SS val !- check))
for (tbl_cur « tbl; tbl_cur !« tbl_free; tbl_cur-f*)
ptv file (tbl_cur->addr, tbl_cur->val) ;
12 January '89 68 Micro Journal
if (tbl_cur !- tbl_free)
error ("no modif ications made") ;
if (!f_eilent tt f_write tt tbl — tbl_frae)
remark ("no modifications requested", OL) .
/* close file and exit */
(void) fclose (zf ) ;
)
cant (s)
char *s;
(
V_fprintf (stderr, "%s: cannot open %s\n", my_nawB, s) ;
exit (1);
)
remark (a, a)
char *e;
long a;
(
V_fprintf (stderr, "%s: ",
V_fprintf (stderr, a, a) ;
V~fprintf (stderr, "\n") ;
}
my_name ) •'
error (s)
char *a;
V_fprintf (stderr, "%a: %s\n*, my_name, a) ;
exit (1);
)
swabcheck ()
(
union
{
ahozt a;
char a[2] ;
> u;
u.a - 0x1357;
lifdef SWAB
lif SWAB
if (!(u.at0) — 0x57 SS u.afl] — 0x13))
error ("please recompile with \"-DSWAB-0\"") ;
ielae
if (!(u.a[0) — 0x13 SS u.atl] — 0x57))
error ("please reconpile with \"-DSWAB-l\'"') ;
lendif
lelse
swab - (u.a[0] — 0x57 SS u.a[l] — 0x13);
lendif
}
EOF
FOR THOSE WHO\
NEED TO KNOW
68 MICRO
JOURNAL
TM
68 Mero Journal
January '89
13
<Basicatty OS-9
Dedicated to the serious OS-9 user.
The fastest growing users group world-wide J
6809 - 68020
A Tutorial Series
By: Ron Voigts
2024 Baldwin Court
Glendale Heights, IL 60139
PRACTICE WHAT I PREACH
A few days ago 1 did Ihe cardinal sin at Ihe keyboard. 1 put the
wrong disk in at the wrong time. 1 was setting up another disk
with some files. The label on the new disk is identical to the one
1 keep this column on. With nothing but a brief glance 1 tossed
the column's disk into drive /dl and entered the line:
formal /dl "Files Disk" r
Well it was all over column was gone! Itwasamemory. Weeks
of work was gone.
Ihe sin was not formatting the wrong disk. I believe it could
happen to anyone. Even the best of intentions go bad. The sin
was I had no backup disk. And to add to the injury, I had not
even made a hardcopy. 1 know what you are saying, "Ron, what
happened to all the preaching about making backups?" Well,
all lean say is that I'm guilty. 1 did not practice what 1 preached
and 1 paid the price. Now, I'm back to backing up my Tiles.
THE CURRENT STATE OF BASICALLY OS-9
This explanation docs not explain why youdid notsec a column
last month. I feel 1 should explain. To put it bluntly, 1 have gone
to bi-monthly basis. 1 don't know for how long 1 will be doing
it this way, but for now expect the column every other month.
1 should explain someof my reasons for thechange. One reason
is monthly bum-out. Yes, it is catching up with me. Or maybe
it is old age. This column will be 4 years old this coming April
and that is a long time. 1 tip my hat to the old timers writing in
the magazine, like Ron Anderson and DrE.M. Pass. ] ce nainly
we cannot forget Don Williams Sr and his staff. How those guys
have done it for 10+ years is beyond me.
Another problem is finding lime to get the column out. 1 really
don't where time goes. Einstein said that time is relative. It is
like being on a date with a beautiful woman. Time will speed
along. The following week while wailing for her lo call you,
time will creep along. ( Female readers please insert "handsome
man" for the "beautiful woman". )
1 have a few other reasons, but at this time wish not to divulge
them. Hopefully as time goes on things will get back to normal
and I will once again bring the column back lo a monthly basis.
3 YEARS OF PROGRAMS FOR SALE
I have been also at work ona side project for the past few monihs
and now am ready to unvail it As many of you know this
column has bacn in existence for some 3+ years, It started back
in April 1985. This coming April will in fact mark its 4 year
anniversary.
There is some history to the column. Originally it was tilled
Basic OS-9. My task was to write a beginners column on OS-
9 helping new comers adjusted and get into the swing of things.
I tired to cover as much as I could. 1 covered programming
languages, operating systems, micropressesor theory and sto-
ries of my encounters in the world of computer technology.
Yes, 1 also covered OS-9. After some months of writing iltc
column, 1 received a call from Don Williams. It was a tuesday
evening. Don said that he liked the column, saw a strong future
for it and thought the name was not adequate. Not only was I
covering beginner OS-9, 1 was coverering everything else. So
we changed the column's name to Basically OS-9.
1 had a number of philosophies on what 1 should write about.
My main goal was always to enlighten ihe reader. 1 thought of
it as feeding my readers. In fact one column was even titled
"OS-9 Smorgasbord." 1 wanted to do one thing in every
column. 1 wanted to present a program each time. My belief
was that a program was worth far more than all the rambling 1
could do. 1 found Ihe computer magazines that only talk and
present nothing to do get boring very fast. So almost every
column has some piece of related software.
The software covered all the types of languages. I presented
programs in Basic09, Pascal. C Language, Assembler, and
Kbasic. Some programs were food for thought, while others
were stand alone. The programs covered a large variety of
things. To name a few: directory alphabilizcr, checkbook
balancer, a new DATE program, a simultaneous equation
solver and new LIST program.
14
January '89
66 Micro Journal
For the past few months, I have been going through my old tiles
findingall the source codefrom APRIL I98S through MARCH
1988. I have just finished the task and put them into a 3 Volume
set, one for each year of the column. I have al so taken care of
putting them into a useful form. I have packed, compiled and
assembled the code. So, the disks not only contain the source
code, the also have the I-Codc, P-Code, or 6809 object code.
The arc ready to run. You will need the Basic09 or Pascal
luntimc libraries.
Here is a list of what is on the disks.
VOLIME 1 - 1985 TO 1988
1.
APRIL
BSORT
BASIC09
2.
APRIL
SORT
BASIC09
3.
MAY
PAD
BASIC09
4.
JUNE
PD I SPLAY
BASIC09
S.
JUNE
IV
ASSEMBLY
6.
JULY
DISKID
BASIC09
7.
AUGUST
DISKLOOK
BASIC09
8.
SEPTEMBER
CRYPT
C
9.
OCTOBER
RABBITS
PASCAL
10.
NOVEMBER
DALPHA
C
11.
D6CEHBER
DNC
C
12.
JANUARY
CHECKING
PASCAL
13.
FEBRUARY
DATE
ASSEMBLY
14.
MARCH
FLOOR
BASIC09
VOLUME 2-1986 TO 1987
t
1.
APRIL
DAI .P HA
C
2.
MAY
MATRIX
C
3.
JUNE
PACK
ASSEMBLY
4.
JUNE
UNPACK
ASSEMBLY
5.
JULY
GETIME
ASSEMBLY
6.
JULY
SORT
C
7.
AUGUST
SYSGEN
BASIC09
8.
SEPTEMBER
ATTACH
ASSEMBLY
9.
OCTOBER
NEHTONS1
KBASIC
10.
OCTOBER
NEWTONS2
KBASIC
11.
NOVEMBER
TREES
PASCAL
12.
JANUARY
DEVICES
KBASIC
13.
FEBRUARY
STRIP
C
14.
MARCH
WRAP
C
VOLUME 3 - 1987 TO 1988
1.
APRIL
H CHECK
BASIC09
2.
MAY
LIST
C
3.
JULY
PCOPY
BASIC09
4.
AUGUST
DOUBLE. VI
C
5.
AUGUST
DOUBLE. V2
C
6.
SEPTEMBER
OP TEST
C
7.
OCTOBER
DATE
C
8.
NOVEMBER
GETMODDIR
.VI BASIC09
9.
NOVEMBER
GETMODDIR
.V2 BASIC09
10.
D6CEHBER
EQUATIONS
PASCAL
11.
JANUARY
SYSGO.V1
ASSEMBLY
12.
JANUARY
SYSGO.V2
ASSEMBLY
13.
FEBRUARY
PLIST
C
14.
MARCH
PATH
C
As you can see there is listed over 42 programs. As it turns out
this list can be misleading. Some of the Basic09 programs arc
ically a number of procedures inbedded in one Tile. The
program OPTEST is really a test for a C module which returns
the parameters from the input line. Some of them are samples
to be used as examples. All the source code is provided on this
3 disk collection. These can be purchased from South East
Media, S9.95 any single volume or $24.95 for all 3. All non-
USA orders must add an additional $3.50 for surface mailing
or $6.00 for airmail.
AND NOW A SELECTION FROM THE MENU
As many of know I am not one for menu driven systems. I pefer
to work in an interactive envrionment. I like the feel of entering
some cryptic looking command and seeing some type of result.
Perhap this enchant is what scares of meny people. I like the
challenge of learning and experimenting.
Unfoitanelylhis scares off many potential computer user. Also
businesses cannot really invest the time it takes for a person to
leant a system. Therefore, a menu driven system is uscfull. It
is quick and easy to leant. It virtually guides the user thiough
to his final destination.
This month I am presenting a menu system that can be imple-
mented on any OS -9 systems. It may requires a few minot
adjustments, but nothing major. This the first version and I can
honestly say that i t may not be fully debugged. It is a diamond
in the rough. It is up to you to polish it.
Listing I has the procedure for creating menus. Listing 2 is the
actual menu program. Everything is written in Basic09 and
should easy to understand. Let me however explain the theory
of how the menus arc used.
The directory "/DD/MENU" should be created. If you do not
havea/DD, defaultdircctory, in you system (his can be changed
to /DO, /Dl, /HO or whatever. Just remember to change the
program accordingly.
The menus are file contained in their diicctory. Each Hie
consists of a menu title, numberof entries and the actual entries.
The menu can consist of cithercommands or lower level menus.
Lit me explain better by telling the construction of an entry.
The entry consists of 4 parts. First is the category. At this point
there are only two types. If a I is encountered for category, then
the entry is for an OS-9 commands or atleast something a
SHELL can run. If it is 2, then another menu is being called up.
Second is whether a parameter is required. For menus this not
necessary. However, for a command it may required. Consider
the menu line "Directory". It would be executed using the
command DIR which can use some type of parameter. Paiamc-
tcr is a boolean which is set cither TRUE or FALSE.
68 Micro Journal
January '89
15
Third is the menu line. This is what is displayed. It is what the
user sees. It gives a hint of what might happen. It can be like
the command shown above. Or it might be another menu like
"Word Processing Menu".
Finally is the actual command line. This is what gets processed.
It can be command or a menu file found in "/DD/MENU", For
the last two examples, they would be "D1R" and "WP_FILE",
respectively.
Let us look at an example.
FILE: main TITLE: Main OS-9 Menu ENTIRES: 3 ENTRY 1
CATEGORY: 2 PARAMETER: NO MENU LINE: Word
Processing Menu COMMAND: WP_FILE ENTRY 2 CA1E-
GORY: 1 PARAMETER: YES MENU LINE: Direcloty
COMMAND: DIR ENTRY 3 CA1EGOR Y: 1 PARAMETER:
NO MENU LINE: Shell COMMAND:
FILE: WP_FILE TITLE: Word Processing Menu ENTRIES: 3
EN1RY 1 CA1EGORY: 2 PARAMETER: YES MENU
LINE: Standard OS-9 Editor COMMAND: edit ENTRY 2
CA1EGORY: 2 PARAMETER: NO MENU LINE: Stylo
COMMAND: stylo ENTRY 3 CATEGORY: 2 PARAME-
1ER: NO MENU LINE: DynaS tar COMMAND: ds
] think the best way to get to learn how menu woiks is to type
them up, try the example I have given you and see it in action.
Please, make clianges if you wish. 1 am considering making a
fancier version of this in C or assembly lanuguage. Maybe
some body out there is willing to give it a by.
That is it for this column. We'll see you next lime.
LISTING 1
PROCEDURE nak« oanu
0000
001E
0021
0033
0044
0055
0058
0076
0079
0098
009B
00B8
00BB
00BE
00BF
00DA
0101
0102
0115
0121
0128
0134
013B
0149
014A
015A
0173
0197
01AE
01B0
01B1
01C2
01E2
01SC
01EE
01EF
0203
022A
Name : Make_Menu
By: Ron Voigts
Date: 3-NOV-88
Original
(«
(«
(«
(«
(*
(* ************
(*
(* Version 1.0
(*
(* * ••«
(*
(*
(* Set up cortplex data type
TYPE entry_type-categoiy: INTEGER; parameter : BOOLEAN; menu_line : STRING ( 64 ] ; conmand: STRING [64]
(* Set up variables
DIM s:STRING[32]
DIM path:BYTE
DIM title: STRING [64]
DIM esize: INTO3R
DIM entry (10) :entiy_type
(* Get file name
INPUT "Enter file name: ~,s
(* Create it in directroy Vdd/mBnu"
CREATE ♦path,"/dd/menu"+s:WRITE
PRINT
(* Get menu title
INPUT "Enter menu title: [64]:
PUT Ipath, title
PRINT
.title
(* How many entries?
INPUT "Enter number of entries: [10] :
PUT (path, esize
.esize
16
January '89
68 Micro Journal
0234
0235
025D
0270
0272
0283
0285
02A5
02A7
02C2
02DD
02 EB
02 EF
02FD
02FF
0301
0328
032A
034F
035E
0369
036F
0371
(* Get the the information for each item
FOR i:-l TO esize
PRINT
PRINT "Entry - *.i
print
INPUT "Enter category: ", entry (i) .category
PRINT
INPUT "Parameter? (Y/N) : ",s
IF LEFT$<a,l)-"Tr" OR LEST$(s,l)-"y" THEN
entry (i) .parameter: -TRUE
ELSE
entry (i) . parameter : -FALSE
END IF
PRINT
INPUT "Enter menu line: [64]: ", entry (i) -menu_line
PRINT
INPUT "Enter command: [32]: ".entry (i) .command
POT #path, entry (i)
NEXT i
CLOSE Ipath
END
LISTING 2
PROCEDURE menu
0000
001E
0021
002E
003F
0050
0053
0071
0074
0093
0096
0083
00S6
00D3
00E1
00ED
00F9
0108
0114
0115
0130
0157
0158
016B
0179
0185
018C
0198
019F
01A6
01B7
01B8
01DF
01 EA
01EB
***************************
Name: Menu
By : Ron Voigts
Date: 3-NOV-88
Veraion 1.0
Original
Include following modules:
1 . Get Menu
2 . Screen
3. Blanks
4. Run Shell
5. Choice
(* Set up caiplex data type
TYPE entry_type-category:INTE(3K; parameter : BOOLEAN; menu_line:STRING[64) ,
(* Set up variables
DIM entry (10) :entry_type
DIM title: STRING [64)
DIM level : INTEGER
DIM file: STRING [64)
DIM esize: INTECXR
DIM i: INTEGER
DIM menu_stack(8) : STRING [64)
(* The first file will always be "main"
file: -"main"
(* Get the "main" menu
comrand: STRING (64]
68 Mcro Journal
January "89
17
0201
021A
021B
022D
0234
0235
0262
0264
0265
0278
0291
0292
02A6
02B0
02B1
020C
02E8
02E9
030E
031A
0321
0325
0326
0351
035C
0367
0380
0382
0386
0387
03A2
03B4
03C1
03C3
0X4
03DA
03EC
03FA
0413
041F
042A
04 2C
042D
0443
0462
0464
0477
047C
047E
0480
0484
0486
RON get_menu (file, title, esize, entry)
<* This is level 1
level:-l
(* Main program loop with exit except CNTRL-C
LOOP
(* Print the screen
RUN screen (title, level, esize, entry)
(* Get user's choice
RON get_choice (i)
(* If i-0 then we are backing out one level
IF i-0 TIEN
(* Can't back up further than level 1
IF level-1 TIEN
level:-!
EI£E
(* Else we go back a level and get the menu
level: -level-1
file: -me nu_stack ( le ve 1 )
RON get_menu (file, title, esize, entry)
ENDIF
ELSE
(* Process a direct comrtand
IF entry <i) .category-1 THEN
RUN run_shell (entry (i) )
ENDIF
(* Proces another menu
IF entry <i) .category-2 THEN
file: -entry (i) .command
RUN get_menu (file, title, esize, entry)
menu_stack (level) :-file
level : -level-f 1
ENDIF
(* Must be a mistake! !
IF entry (i) . category*: 1 OR entry (i) . category >2 THEN
PRINT
PRINT *Bad Menu Entry!"
PRINT CHRS(7)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDLOOP
END
PROCEDURE get_menu
0000
0022
003D
0064
0065
0078
0084
(* Read menu file from "/dd/menu"
(* Set up complex data type
TYPE entry_type -category : INTfcXiK ; parameter: BOOLEAN;
:STRING[64); command : STRING [64 ]
(* Passed arguments
PARAM file: STRING [32)
PARAM title: STRING [64]
menu line
18
January '89
66 Mcro Journal
0090
0097
00A5
00A6
00B9
00C4
00C5
00E0
00F8
00F9
01 OA
0114
0115
0125
012F
0130
0143
0154
0162
016D
01 6F
PAR AM esize: INTEGER
PARAM entry (10) :ontry_type
(* Set up variables
DIM i, path: INTEGER
(* Get file from Vdd/manu"
OPEN *path, "/dd/tnenu/"+file:READ
(* Get menu title
GET #path, title
(* Get menu size
GET ♦path, esize
(* Get menu entries
FOR i:-l TO esize
GET ♦path, entry (i)
NEXT i
END
PROCEDURE screen
0000
0013
0027
004E
004F
0062
006E
0075
007C
008A
00BB
00A2
00A9
00B0
00B1
ooco
0OC7
ooce
00E7
OOEC
OOEE
00F0
00F1
0104
0115
01 1A
one
011D
0131
0135
0141
0155
0157
0159
015A
016F
0180
0186
0192
(* Print the screen
(* Complex data type
TYPE entry_type-category: INTEGER; parameter :BOOLEAN; menu_line:STRING[64] ; command:STRING(64)
(* Passed arguments
PARAM title: STRING (64)
PARAM level : INTEGER
PARAM esize: INTEGER
PARAM entry (10) :entiy_type
(* Set up the variables
DIM i: INTEGER
DIM ssize:INTEGER
(* Screen width
ssize:-64
(* Clear screen and home cursor
PRINT CHRS(12>
PRINT
PRINT
(* Print first line
RON blanks ( (saize-LEN (title) 1/2)
PRINT title
PRINT
(* Print second line
PRINT DATES;
RON blanks (ssize-20)
PRINT USING "'Level \ 13", level
PRINT
PRINT
(* Print menu choices
FOR i:-l TO esize
PRINT " *;
PRINT OSING w i3"; i;
PRINT ". "; entry (i) .manu_line
68 Micro Journal
January '89
19
01A2
NEXT
01AD
END
OlAF
PROCEDURE blanks
0000 (* Print specified number of blanks
0023 PARAH i: INTEGER
002A DIM j: INTEGER
0031 FOR j:-l TO i
0042 PRINT " ";
0048 NEXT j
0053 END
0055
PROCEDURE get_choic*
0000
002A
0031
0033
0035
0056
0056
(* Gets user' s choice returning an integer
PARAM i: INTEGER
PRINT
PRINT
INPUT "Choice: ( to Backup) : ",i
END
PROCEDURE run_ohell
0000 (* Routine to run a conrand
001B TKPE entry_type-cat«gory:INTEC£R; parameter: BOOLEAN; manu_line : STRING (64 ] ; command: STRING [64]
0042 PARAM e:entry_type
004B DIM s: STRING [64]
0057 PRINT
0059 PRINT "Command: ",e. command
006D PRINT
006F IF e. parameter THEN
007B INPOT "Enter paratnter: ",s
0093 ENDIF
0095 SHELL e. command*" "-fa
00AS PRINT
00A7
00AB (* Built in PAUSE feature
O0C1 INPDT "Type <RETURN> to continue!", a
00E3 END
FOR THOSE WH
68 MICRO
JOURNAL
TM
20
January '89
68 Moro Journal
L©gioally
kino
Most of you will inwc u ib ei
Bob f ran his (Cries of Idlers
an XB ASIC If you like U or
wist more, let Bob or ui
know. We wim 10 give yon •
what you waxi!
The Mathematical Design of Digital Control Circuits
By: K. Jones
Micronics Ruesrdi Corp.
33383 Lynn Ave.. Abbouford, B.C.
Canada V2S 1E2
Copyrighted © by It Jones A CPI
SOLUTIONS TO TEST THIRTEEN
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FIGURE T13S.1 A
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FIGURE T13S. IB 3 3 3 3
68 Micro Journal
January "89
21
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FIGURE T13S.2
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Remember that it's possible you made different choices fiom me when it came to selecting columns to doubly-complement,
but you should at least end up with an equivalent symmetiic function.
Mile 17 - heading for Mile 18
22
January '89
68 Micro Journal
1-asi lime we were together I promised that you'd meet the "daddy" of symmetric functions, so here he is, the fellow who's
going to enable you to design
ITERATIVE NETWORKS
Symmetric circuits form part of a larger class of circuitry known as "iterative" or "re-itciative" networks, so called because
there's a basic pattern to them, which repeats itself. ALL iterative networks (including symmetric) can be designed by the
technique to which you'll shortly be introduced, though in the case of the sub-class, symmetric circuits, it's more usual to do
so by the methods we've already studied.
Another sub-class of iterative networks is called "positional circuits", and deals with the position, or physical relationship, of
the relays in the network, rather than just the number of relays operated. From now on it's to be understood that when we
speak of "a circuit of 20 relays ... ", or any other number for (hat matter, they'll be lettered (or numbered) consecutively. A
"set" is a group of consecutively lettered (numbered) relays, and it's with sets of different types that we'll be dealing next I
think it goes without saying that there MUST be at least one unoperated relay between one set and another. I mention this
only because I've sometimes been asked whether, say, relays 4, 5 and 6 could be regarded as a set, and relays 7, 8 and 9 as
another. By definition these constitute ONE set, as they follow consecutively without a break. Got it so far? Good! Now
let's look at typical circuit specifications that we may be asked to design.
1. A ciicuit of SO relays is to be closed if, and only if, one set of exactly 3 relays is operated, and all other relays are unoper-
ated.
NOTE: It's common practice in switching theoiy and other related branches of mathematics to use the word "iff to mean
"if, AND ONLY IF ... ", so we'll adopt this convention from now on.
2. A circuit of 98 relays is to be closed iff ALL sets contain exactly 3 operated relays, otherwise no output.
3. A circuit of 457 idays is to be closed iff there are exactly 2 sets of relays operated, one set to contain 2 relays and the
other 3 relays, but not necessarily in that order.
4. A circuit of 153 relays is to be closed iff there arc exactly 3 sets of operated relays, no matter how many relays in each set.
Doesn't example 3 look frightening? 457 relays! Wow!! But there's no need to wotiy, as I can assure you that the circuit is
just as easy to design whether (here are 45, 457 or 457983 relays involved. In designing positional iterative networks, we're
not concerned with how many relays there are, as our whole attention will be focussed on one "prototype" relay somewhere
along the chain. We usually picture our prototype as being somewhere about the middle of the chain, that is if we think of its
position at all, though it doesn't have to be so.
By convention we call our prototype relay "X", and instead of thinking about relay contacts, we now think in terms of input-
lines bringing information into X about conditions in the lower-numbeied relays. We also imagine an equal number of
output-lines leaving X, and passing on information to the next relay, Y, about conditions UP TO AND INCLUDING X
ITSELF. The output-lines of relay-X are, of course, the input-lines of relay- Y.
ITERATIVE NETWORKS - EXAMPLE I
As a first step in learning our new design process, let's take spec-l above and try to design this circuit, beginning with
Diagram 88a. On our squared pad, we set up two columns, headed X=0 and X=I, X being our prototype relay. Immediately
to the left of the X=0 column we write the code "0", and further out to the left again (under a heading "Relays Operated" we
write a second "0". The left-hand is interpreted as "No relays operated so far", and the in the Code column is simply our
code for this condition, litis is the lowest level, or simplest piece of information possible!
68 Mfcro Journal January '69 23
CVftKj
IL
IL
2L
3L
3NL
\o
X
o I I
I
1 - 2
fcfl
w
o I '
I
1 - 2
2 - 3
3 4»
CO
°n
iatnStA
IL
2L
3L
3NL
IL
2L
Cote
1
I
i
-
2
2
-
3
3
k
-
U
U
-
3L,3ML
60
|
I
1
-
2
2
-
3
3
3
-
<s>
Diagram 88
Now let's look at the X=0 column of Code-0 in 88a. With information coming in to X, and X itself unoperated. it. too,
must obviously pass on the same information to relay-Y (namely, "No relays operated to this point"), which fact we record
by entering a in this column. On the other hand, moving to the X- 1 column, if relay-X IS operated, it must pass on to
relay-Y the information that the relay immediately in fiont of Y is operated, and that it's the only one so far. Let's give this
the code 1 , to stand for "one relay operated immediately before you" and insert this code in the X=l column. Normally we
abbreviate this long statement to "IL", for 1-LAST, meaning "one relay operated, and it's the last one in the chain to this
point".
Of course, if it's possible for X to pass this info on to Y, it's also possible for similar news to come into X from US previous
relay. So as we haven't defined what our response will be to Code-1 , let's open up a new line, as in 88b, with IL at the
extreme left, and its code "1" in the code column. So now X "knows" that relay-W alone is operated, and if X itself is NOT
operated then we obviously have a set of exactly one relay. This is a breach of the specs, so we'll insert a "-" in the X=0
column to indicate a complete blockage of information to relay-Y . This means that power will be cut off at this point!
If X IS operated, however, we now have 1 WO consecutively operated relays towards the required set of three. At this point
in our analysis we have no code for this condition, so let's create code-2 to represent it, and insert 2 in the X=l column. This
signifies that X is passing along to Y the info 2L, meaning "the two last relays in the chain to this point are operated".
And so we proceed to 88c, where I've taken the process to completion, but we'll continue with the discussion, starting at 2L,
code-2, and assume we have this info coming in to X, rather than being transmitted to Y. What do we do here? Well, if X=0,
a set of two has been created, which again is a breach of specs, so we'll cut off power by inserting a "-" in this column. If X
IS operated, we'll have a sequence of 3 relays to this point, so let's code this as 3, to stand for 3L, or "the last 3 lelays are
operated to this point", and insert 3 in the X-l column.
This being another new code, we open up line 3L with 3 in the code-column, and analyse the reaction of X if this info were
coming in on ITS input-lines. If X is not operated, we've now closed off our set of 3 relays, so let's code this as 4, to stand
for 3NL, or "three relays operated, but not the LAST 3", and insert this code 4 in the X=0 column. Alternatively, we could
let code 4 stand for IS , meaning "We've got our set of 3 completed", but for now we'll stick with 3NL. If X IS opeiated,
we've got four idays in our set (a breach of specs), so we'll insert a "-" in the X-l column to cutoff power.
As we have an unanalysed code- 4 in our table, we're forced to open up row 3NL, code-4, and ask ourselves what X should
do if it's UNoperated. It's obvious that it must pass on this same info to Y. namely, "a complete set of 3 somewhere back
down the line", so we'll enter 4 in the X=0 column. And what if X IS operated? Why, it would be starting a second set, and
as this is forbidden, we'll enter a "-" in the X=l column to cut of f power again. And here we seem to have ground to a halt,
as we didn't create any new codes this lime, so the main chore woik has been done, and we've got all the specs incorporated
into our table 88c.
But not quite all yet, as we still have to code for POWER-OUTPUT! 1 his we do in 88d, by adding a column to the right of
our table and heading it "Z", for output. This column has to be completed from the viewpoint of the output device itself •
let's say a LighL Now, reading down the "Relays Operated" column, we ask ourselves "Should I switch ON for 'No relays
24
January '89
68 Micro Journal
operated?'", and as the answer is NO, we don't insert anything in the Z-column for this row. Similarly for I L (meaning "the
relay immediately in front of me is operated") and for 2L (meaning "there are 2 relays operated immediate] y in front of me").
However, the info 3L ("3 relays operated immediately in front of me") or 3NL ("a set of 3 relays operated somewhere down
the line") bungs the response "YES, 1 should light up!", so we insert a 1 in oolumn-Z for these two codes.
L«ct's lake time out to re-read all that lot before moving on, but, in any case, I'm going to work out some more examples later
on, just to be sure you've got it! But first we must see how to go about
ELIMINATING REDUNDANCIES IN ITERATIVE NETWORKS
Just as we've done with other procedures, out last step before drawing the actual circuit is to reduce the number of lines in the
table by seeking out, and eliminating, any redundancies which may exist. We'll deal with this subject more fully later on, but
for now, to maintain our flow of thought, we'll adopt a very simplified procedure.
First we can divide our table into two definite sections, one which calls for an output of and one which calls for 1. Redun-
dancies due to equivalences cannot occur between sections, as the outputs also have to be equivalent, just as with sequential
How-tables. So let's start with Group 0, where we see that Line-0 (code-0) has nothing in common with the other two lines
of the same group, so we move on to line- 1. Be warned that "-" does NOT correspond to a phi, and must NEVER, under any
circumstances, be combined with anything but another "-".
Comparing line-1 withline-2, we note that the X=0 column matches. As far as the X=l column is concerned, these two lines
WOULD be equivalent if only 2 and 3 were equivalent as well. Unfortunately, lines 2 and 3 belong to different groups, so
it's impossible for them to be equivalent. Theiefore, theie arc no equivalences in Group-0.
Now let's look at Group- 1, and right away we see that line-3 is equivalent to line-4 as both X-columns match and also the
output. We therefore superimpose lines 3 and 4 (see 88e), calling it line-3, and change all 4s to 3.
DRAWING THE PROTOTYPE FROM THE FINAL TABLE
It only remains now to draw the netwoik of our prototype cell, bearing in mind that there are actually 50 such cells joined
together in a chain. The translation of the table into a circuit is an easy task indeed, as all the necessary info is contained in
the table, the circuit being drawn in a matter of seconds.
■ £*® -a
(5>
Diagram 89
First, I'll diaw for you, in Diagram 89, a single cell corresponding to our prototype. There are arc two vertical columns of
four circles each, labelled 0, 1, 2 and 3, the left-hand column being the input-lines to our prototype, and the right-hand
column the output-lines. Power-input occurs at input-line -0 of the first cell of the chain, and as our table shows that power-
output occurs only in line-3, the output will therefore be taken offal output-line- 3 of the final cell in the chain.
Note the heading "X" above our prototype! Still working from table 88e, we interpret all entries in the X=0 column as being
NC-con tacts, and those in the X= 1 column as NO-contacts. Ignoring the "Relays Operated" column, we read code-0 as
saying "Input-line goes to", the "0" in the X=0 column as "output-line-0 via a NC-con tact", and the "1" in the X= 1 column
as "output-line- 1 via a NO-contact". The full sentence reads "Input-line-0 goes to output-line- 1 via a NC and to output-line- 1
via a NO", so this is what we draw at the top par t of our prototype.
Code-1 reads as "Input-line- 1 goes to nowhere via a NC and to output-line-2 via a NO", so we don't even draw a NC-contaci
from input-line- 1, merely a NO-contact to output-line-2.
Similarly, input-line-2 connects to output-line-3 via a NO-contact only, and finally, inpul-line-3 connects to output-line- 3 via
a NC contact only.
68 Micro Journal Janu8r » ' 89
25
DRAWING THE COMPLETE NETWORK
It's already been mentioned that the complete circuit consists of SO such cells connected in series, with the output-lines of one
cell being the input-lines of the next. Only the first few and the last few cells in lhe chain will be different. For instance,
looking at Diagram 90, we can see that as power comes in on input-line-0 only, input-lines 1,2 and 3 may be omitted for the
Hist cell. This means that cell-2 will have only input-lines and I, and so on. Similarly at lhe output end, output-lines 0, 1
and 2 are unnecessary in the final cell, output-lines and I in the last but one, and so on.
Irtput~
o^V vvvv ©
© ©
© © ©
Sd-^©-
Output
Diagram 90
Diagram 90 is a simplified version of the complete network, showing only one prototype cell X in the centre. Actually, as
there are three "odd-ball" cells at either end, there'll be 44 such X-cells in the middle, all exact copies of our full prototype.
A little study of 90 shows that the operation WILL be exactly as per specs! Only if a set of 3 consecutive relays is operated
will power be able to flow from the lop horizontal line down to the lower, and through to the output via a string of NC-
contacts. If any more relays operate, the lower line will become open-circuited and cut off the power, while if less than a set
of 3 is operated power will be switched only as far as Ievel-1 or level-2 and be unable to go any funher. If no telays are
operated at all, power will simply travel along the top rail and terminate in level-0 at the fourth itlay from the end.
SOME CHIT-CHAT
With practice, prototype cells can be constructed with very little need for combining lines. For instance, in the example just
completed, once we got to constructing the code-3 line of 88c, which signifies that we've JUST completed a set of 3 immedi-
ately in front of X, we should realise that from the circuit's viewpoint it matters little whether a fourth relay energises
IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING this set, or whether it's separated by a gap of non-opciated relays. In either case, the spec
"one set of 3 relays" has been exceeded. Consequently, this particular circuit needn't distinguish between 3L and 3NL, and
we could simply have entered "S3" in the "Relays Operated" column (meaning "we have our set of 3"), which is what we
ended up with, more or less, in 88e, after having gone through the stage of 88d.
AND SOME TRICKY" INFO RE ITERATIVE EQUIVALENCES
Before working out some more examples for you, I simply MUST unload this stuff about equivalences! I've already ex-
plained the rule that, WITHIN A GROUP, whether Group-0 or Group I, if two or more lines have EXAC1LY the same
entries in both X=0 and the X= I columns, then they're equivalent. The higher-numbered line can thus be eliminated, and all
references to this now non- existent line, wheiever they occur in the remainder of the table, must be changed to that of the
lower-numbered line.
In our worked-out example (see 88d again) we came to the point where we considered combining lines 1 and 2. Our thoughts
went something like "I and 2 WOULD be equivalent if"-" and "-" are (column X=0), which, of course, they are, and also
(column X=l) if 2 and 3 are. So let's look at lines 2 and 3! This possibility is ruled out on three counts, (a) "-" and 4 can
NEVER be compatible; (b) 3 and "-" can NEVER be compatible; and finally (c) the outputs are incompatible. And so,
because we came across an incompatibility in our chain of reasoning, the original thoughts about 1 and 2 are INVALID, and
they cannot be equivalent."
But suppose for a moment that linc-3 not only had a 0-output, but also had the entries "-"and "Pin the X-columns. You
should draw this imaginary chart and follow our new line of thought. Here we go! "The equivalence of 1 and 2 depends on
the equivalence of 2 and 3, so let's look at lines 2 and 3. Aha! The two "-"s in column X=0 are equivalent, but column X=l
says thai the equivalence of lines 2 and 3 depends on the equivalence of lines 3 and 1, so let's look at lines 1 and 3! But the
26
January '69
88 Micro Journal
equivalence of lines 1 and 3 depends (in column X=l) on ihe equivalence of lines 2 and 3. So here we are, back at our
starting-point AND NOWHERE ALONG THE WAY HAVE WE COME ACROSS A NON-EQUIVALENCE. Therefore
ALL the pairs we've considered in this chain of icasoning arc equivalent, namely 1 and 2, 2 and 3. and 1 and 3." Thai is to
say, all three lines t, 2 and 3 would be equivalent and could be rolled up into a single line-1.
In sequential flow-tables we regard different lines as being non-equivalent unless we can show them to be equivalent or
pseudo-equivalent, but in prototype tables all lines within a group are regarded as being equivalent unless a chain of depend-
ences ends with a non equivalence somewhere. In other words, in sequential theory we must prove that two or more tows
ARE equivalent, otheiwisc they're not, but in prototype tables we must piove that they're NOT equivalent, otherwise they
are.
Some examples of simple equivalences arc shown in Diagram 91, so we'll rely on this intuitive approach until we come to a
more precise method for dealing with random-input sequential circuits some distance along our journey. Apart from TESTs I
doubt that you'll have a REAL NEED to design an iterative network in the meantime.
1
1
1
1
i
I
1
2
4
3
3
a '
k
3
1
2
2
2
3
3
55 '
i
3
1 1
2
1
2
3
3
= '
i
3
1
l
1
1
l
1
1
2
i
2
2
1
- '
1
1
1
2
1
2
I
2
5 '
I
I
1
2
3
2
I
2
2
3
3
s >
I
I
Diagram 91
The triple hoiizontal bars are read as "is equivalent to". Note in the final example, that although the three rows would be
completely incompatible in sequential theory, our thoughts here would be "1 is equivalent to 2 if 2 is equivalent to 1 (column
X=0), which it IS (as this is the possibility we're considering light now), AND if 2 is equivalent to 3 (column x=l). so let's
look at lines 2 and 3. 2 and 3 are equivalent, according to column X=0, if 1 and 2 arc (our original postulation) and if 3 is
equivalent to 3 (column X=l). So let's look at lines 1 and 2, but. by golly, that's where we started from, and, BECAUSE WE
DIDN'T COME ACROSS A NON-EQUIVALENCE ALONG THE WAY. and we've studied lines 1 . 2 and 3. then these 3
lines are equivalent. So let's make them all into 1."
TO CONTINUE
And now, to familiarise you with our technique, I'll work out three more examples for you, talking my way through step-by-
step. In each case, I'll set out the prototype tables in full, and then justify the entries as 1 go along, though as an additional
exercise you should commence with a blank chart and fill in the entries as we proceed. Off we go with
I1ERATIVE NETWORKS - EXAMPLE 2
Design a prototype cell for a circuit of "n" relays which will give an output iff there is exactly one set, consisting of either
two or three relays.
Relays
OpvvtXmA
Ctd«
I
<
1
z
1
1L
1
-
l
2L
2
3
U
t
S2
3
3
-
1
3L
k
5
-
1
S3
5
5
-
1
»
I
Nofe-^ 2
3
3
3
I
1
3
00
Diagram 92
66 Mcro Journal
January '69
27
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all 68XXX OS-9 standard systems. Regular SCULPTOR versions 1.4:6. One of if not the most efficient
and easy to develope DBMS type systems running under OS-9! A system of flexible keyed file access that
allows extremely fast record and data retrieval, insertion and deletion or other programmed modifica-
tions. Access by key or in ascending order, very fast. The system provides automatic menu generation,
compilation and report generation. Practically unlimited custom input format and report formatting. A
rich set of maintenance and repair utilities. An extremely efficient development environment that cuts
most programming approximately 80% in development and debugging! Portable, at source level, to MS-
DOS, UNIX and many other languages and systems.
Standard Version: 1.6 6809 - $1295.00
68000 $1295.00
68020 $1990.00
Due to a "Special One Time" Purchase, We
Are Making This Savings Offer. Quantities
Limited!
Once this supply is gone - the price goes
back up!
System OS-9: 6809/68000-68030
• Regular $1295.00
ONLY $295.00
S.E. MEDIA
+ $7.50 S&H USA
Overseas - Shipped Air Mail
Collect
r^
A
POB 849
5900 Cassandra Smith Road
HIXSON, TN 37343 615 842-4601
AVE - WHILE SUPPLIES LAST!
28
January '89
68 Micro Journal
Tdepfwnc: (615) $42-48X1 SOU tH 'EdS t Media
Q$~$, 'Utu'JL'LX, •JL , £X,S'K''1>0S
SO i J t VWWM£,
til 'Hctisf Specify '\mr Ihvnitimj Sititan Hiui , .n L <k Siz?
TdtK; 5HhiX)bbM>
Sculptor
Full OEM & Dealer Discounts Available!
THE SCUUTOR SYSTEM
• 1i-U>
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DATA MCTtONARY
Each Ay may hpw an* or ro« npru
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AN KTABLiShffD LEADER i J g*oJj*i»py»™
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■ rfhwafi itfTH^<wmJmM*n^wM**'"hif *m nut F « rmt > figfcjrfc itumrnwi m ^wwaoi^Mnii «*»
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SYSTEM IMPENDENCE
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AIVUCATONPORTABLiTY
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SPEED AND EFFICIENCY
INTERNAT10NALLV ACCEPTED
FH upw-jiwnpprcdN^irMiMi^iv <k'i#»Ji »-« pmmc
tnpTffW*c*iw^linai*J#*njfc*wi*ift*li^i^»*" fh*
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Sculpta ■ ifcawty M Ma* if- im 2D <«»*•**•
Sculptor for 68020
OS*9 & UniFLEX
$995
INDEXING TFOtNKXrt
MK JaAl lb PfoflMrTi hmpt a*.** am.
■ MMUltl
INPUT DATA VAUDATWN
LMfc
C 'aa+ Hiw ha tndaaH Avwv
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
RELATIONA1, OPtRATt»tS
F«Mtb<
LMlhun
SPECW. FEATURLS
■ ful
MAXIMA AND MtMrHA
~p*f MCDM JZyvT
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SCREEN FORM LANGUAT£
( ^HnMbHj w*t» ton* UPmjri«nwiMI(wiJi(**»i«l
PROGRAMS
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PRW&
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MUSTA.NG-020 Users - Ajsk For Your Special Discount!
r
n
MUSTANG-020
*$1.990 $398 $795
*$1.295$259 $495
PC/XT/ AT/MSDOS $695 $139 $299
MUSTANG-OS *$1.295$259 $495 Call or write for prices on the following systems.
XENIX SVS III & V. MS^NET. UNIX SYS lit & V. ATAKJ OS-9. 68K. UNOS. ULTKIX/VMS (VAX.REGAU. STKII1E. ALTOS. APRICORT. ARE-|E. ARM.
STRONG. BLEASDALK. CIIARLTS I0VERS. GMX. CONVERGTECII. DEC. CIFER. EHUINOX. GOULD. I0>. HONEYWEU.. IHM. IN1EL. MEGADATA.
MOTOROLA. NCR. NIXUORF. N.SrAK. OUVETTI /AT&T. ICL. PERKINS ELMER. PHILLIPS. PIXEL. PLESSEY. PLEXUS. IOSITWON. PRIME. SEflUKWr
SIEMENS. SWTPC. SYSTIME. TANDY. TORCH. UNISYS. ZYLOG. ETC
* For SPECIAL LOW SCLIJ*TOIt prltes t*sp<'flall> for BUOMMtXXX OS-9 Systems - Sim> S|m*-
elal Ad this In.su*'. Itt'mefnber, **Wht'n ihcy are gone the prlee go«>s back up as ab«>vt'r*
... Sculptor Will Run On Over 100 Other Types of Machines ...
... Call for Pricing ...
!!! Please Specify Your Make of Computer and Operating System !!!
* Full IX'vHipjx-mmt Package
•• Run Time C)n1y
••• C Key F\tt Library
O ■ OS.», S ■ SK'iK)S
F ■ FLBt. V • tMPLU
CO • Cotof r.ipil r os.«
Off . Cobr nm, m t m n.tX
South Txist Media
5900 Cassandra Smith %/. ■ TfvQon. In. 57343
rdtp^ru: (6lS)S424«00 idt^ SIQSCDS630
niAsl.f rjrd
•♦ Shipping •• .
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•OS-* b ■ TndOMTk rf Mlmmmri ud Mn»m>-1U M< Un»1EX »r. I r.*rw.fk. u( lulinkjj SrJim lamidteiinr^lfOOS !■ » Tradwfll <t tttf-K Si<<wkt
i v.otp.
68 Mao Journal
January '89
29
Tcfcpfwnc: (615) M2-4600 SOUtfl T.OSt ?Media
Vek\: 5106006630
OS-9, llm'/L'LX, 'JL'EX, S'K'VOS
ASSEMBLERS
ASTRUK09 (ram S.E. Media -■ A "Structured Assembler for the 6809"
which requires the TSC Macro Assembler.
FLEX. SKDOS. CCF - $99.95
Macro Assembler Tor TSC -The FLEX. SKDOS STANDARD Assembler.
Special -CCF $35.00; FLEX, SKDOS SHOO
OSM Extended 6809 Macro Assembler from Lloyd I/O. — Provides local
labels. Motorola S records, and Intel Hex records: XREF, Generate
OS-9 Memory modules under FLEX, SK-DOS.
FLEX. SKDOS. CCF. OS-9 $99 00
Relocating AssembleriLlnking Loader from TSC.— Use with many of the
C and Pascal Compilers.
FLEX. SK DOS, CCF $150.00
MACE, by GiahamTrott from Windnish Micro Systems -- Co-Resident
Editor and Assembler, fast interactive A.L. Programming for small to
medium-sized Programs.
FLEX. SK.DOS. CCF . $7500
XMACE - MACE w/Cross Assembler for 6800/1/2/3/8
FLEX. SKDOS. CCF . $98.00
DISASSEMBLERS
SUPER SLEUTH from Computer Systems Consultants Interactive
Disassembler; cxlnmcly POWERFUL! Disk File BiruMy/ASCH
Examine/Change. Absolute or FULL Disassembly. XREF Generator,
Label "Name Changer", and Piles of "Standard Label Names" for
different Operating Systems.
Color Computer SS-50 Bus (all wl At. Source)
CCD (32K Req-d) Object Only $49.00
FLEX. SKDOS $99.00 - CCF Object Only $50.00 UniFLEX $10000
CCF. with Source $99.00 OS-9. $101.00 - CCO, Object Only $50.00
6S010 SUPER SLEUTH - Similiar to S.Bil Version except written
in "C".
68010 Disassembler $100.00 FLEX, UniFLEX. UNIX. XENIX.
MS-DOS. SK.DOS, OS-9
OS-9I68K Object Only $10000 or with Source $200.00
DYNAMITE* •- Excellent standard "Batch Mode" Disassembler. Includes
XREF Generator and "Standard Isabel" Files- Special OS-9 options
with OS-9 Version.
CCF. Object Only $100.00 - CCO. Object OntyS 59.95
FLEX. SKDOS . Object Only $100.00 . OS-9, Object Onty$150JX>
UniFLEX Object Only $100.00
CROSS ASSEMBLERS
CROSS ASSEMBLERS from Computer System Consultants - Supports
I802/5.Z-80. 6800/I/2/3/8/U/HCU.6804, 680S/HCO5/ 146805.6809/
00/01. 6502 family. 8080/5 . 8020</2/35/C35/39/ 40/48/C48/49/C49/5O/
8748/49, 8031/51/8751.33000 and 68000/68010 Systems. Assembler
and Listing formats same as target CPU's format. Produces machine
independent Motorola S-TcXL Includes Macro Pre Processor, Written in
"C\ 68000 or 6809 'Macintosh.'Alari. FLEX. CCF. UniFLEX. OS-9.
XENIX. UNIX. MS-DOS, SKDOS
any object or source each .$50.00
any 3 object or source $100.00
Set of ALL object $200.00 - with source $50000
XASM Cross Assemblers for FLEX. SKDOS from S.E. MEDIA - This set
of 6800/1/2/3/S/8, 6301. 6502, 8080/5. and Z80 Cross Assemblers uses
the familiar TSC Macro Assembler Command Line and Source Code
formal. Assembler options, etc., in providing code for target CPU's.
Complete set, FLEX. SK DOS only . $150.00
CPU TYPE
- Price each
For: MOTOROLA
INTEL
FLEX9
S150
SI50
SKDOS
SI50
J150
OS-9/6809
S150
S150
OS-9/68K
CRASMB from IJjOYD I/O - Supports Motorola's, Intel's. Zilog's. and
other's CPU syntax for these 8-Bit microprocessors: 6800. 6801. 6303,
6804.6805,6809,6811 (all varieties); 6502, 1802/5. 8048 family, 8051
family, 8080/85, Z8, Z80. and TMS-7000 family. Has MACROS,
Local Labels. Ubel X-REF. 1-abel Length to 30 Oars. Object code
formats: Motorola S-Rcaords (text). Intel HEX-Recoids (text). OS.9
(buiaiy). and FLEX, SK-DOS (binary). Written in Assembler... e.g.
VfaJaiL
rice each:
OTHER COMPLETE SET
SI 50 J399
SI 50 J399
SI 50 S399
J 432
CRASMB 1632 from LLOYD I/O - Supports Motorola's 68000. and has
same features as the 8 bit version. OS9/68K Object code Formal allows
this cross assembler to be used in developing your programs for
OS-9/68K on your OS-9/6809 computer.
FLEX. SKDOS. CCF. OS-916809 $249.00
COMMUMCA TIO/VS
CMODEM Telecommunications Program from Computer Systems
Consultants, Inc. - Menu-Driven; supports Dumb-Teiminal Mode,
Upload and Download in non -protocol mode, and the CP/M "Modan7"
Christenscn protocol mode to enable communication capabilities for
almost any requirement. Written in "C
FLEX, SK-DOS. CCF. OS-9. UniFLEX, UNIX. XENIX, MS-DOS,
with Source $100.00 ■ without Source $50.00
X-TALK from S.E. Media - X-TALK consists of two disks and a special
cable, the hookup enables a 6809 SWTPC computer to dump UniFLEX
files directly to the UniFLEX MUSTANG-020, This is the ONLY
currently available method to transfer SWTPC 6809 UniFLEX files to a
68000 UniFLEX system. Gimix 6809 users may dump a 6809
UniFLEX file to a 6809 UniFI.EX five inch disk and it is readable by
the MUSTANG-020. The cable is specially prepared with internal
connections to match the non standard SWTPC SO/9 I/O Db25
connectors. A special SWTPC St cable set is also available. Users
should specify which SWTPC system he/she wishes so communicate
with the MUSTANG-020. The X-TALK software is furnished on two
disks. One eight inch disk contains S.E. Media modem program C-
MODEM (6809) and the other disk is a MLSTANG-020 five inch disk
with CMODEM (68020). Text and binary files may be directly
transfer red between the two systems. The C-MODEM programs are
unaltered and perform as excellent modem programs also. X-TALK
can be purchased with or without the special cables, but this special
price is available to registered MUSTANG- 020 users only.
X-TALK Complete (cable. 2 disks) $99.95
X-TALK Software (2 disks only) $69.95
X-TALK with CMODEM Source $149.95
XDATA from S.E. Media . A COMMUNICATION Package for tlic
UniFLEX Operating System. Use with CP/M, Main Frames, other
UniFLEX Systems, etc. Verifies Transmission using checksum or
CRC; Re-Transmits bad blocks, etc.
UniFLEX- $299.99
AvalUhllUjUjrou
0>OS.*,S.SK*DOS
K.n.EX,U.lfnm.EX
CCt . Colo CoHipoUT OS.*
CCF. Color Core out* FJ-gX
V
South 'East 'Media
5"900 CossardraSmith 'H- - Titr/on, In. 37343
'■nsilin card
•• Shipping ••
«U 1* UJJA. (nlD.S2.5t)
Fonlpa Surrwi AM 5*
fVrim Airmail A4410%
Or CO JK Sbloo In a Onlj
*OS.«t»»TnMkre«T«. of MknwwrntMl M"ton>>»-«n,EX ml UniFLEX ir«TradimirlmirT«hnk»! SjuraiiCoimiluim-'SK'OOS !■» Trodfrmrtof SW-K S<*r-»r« imm Corp.
30
January '89
68 Micro Journal
Tele plume: (615) 842-4600
South "East Media
OS-9, 'llni'JL'LX, 'J'VLX, S'K'^OS
TefcK; SlOtitXtotLW
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
PL/9 from Windnuh Micro Systems — By Graham Trou, A combination
Editor Compiler Debugger. Direct lource-ioobject compilation
delivering fail, compact, re-entrant. ROM-able, PIC. 8 A 16-bit
Integers & 6 digil Real numbers for all real-wortld problems. Direct
control over ALL System resources, including interrupts.
Comprehensive library support; simple Machine Code interface; step-
by-stcp tiacer for instant debugging. 500+ page Manual with tutorial
guide.
FLEX. SKDOS. CCF - $198.00
PASC from S.E. Media - A FLEX9. SKDOS Compiler with a definite
Pascal "flavor". Anyone with a bit of Pascal experience should be able
to begin using PASC to good effect in short order. The PASC package
comes complete with three sample programs: ED (a syntax or structure
editor), EDITOR (a simple, public domain, screen editor) and CHESS
(a simple chess program). The PASC package comes complete with
source (written in PASC) and documentation.
FLEX. SKDOS $95M
WHIMSICAL from S.E. MEDIA Now supports Real Numbers. -Structured
Programming" WITHOUT losing the Speed and Control of Assembly
Language) Single-pass Compiler features unified , user-defined I/O;
produces ROMable Code; Procedures and Modules (including pre-
compiled Modules); many "Types" up to 32 bit Integers, 6-digit Real
Numbers, unlimited siaad Arrays (vectors only); lmierrupt handling;
long Variable Names; Variable Initialization; Include directive;
Condi rional compiling; direct Code inrciiion: control of the Stack
Pointer; etc. Run-lime subroutines inserted as called during
compilation. Normally products 10% less code ikon PU9.
FLEX. SKDOS and CCF - $195.00
KANSAS C1TV BASIC from S.E. Media - Basic for Color Computer OS-9
with many new commands and sub-functions added. A full
implementation of the 1F-THEN-ELSE logic is included, allowing
nesting to 255 levels. Strings are supported and a subset of the usual
suing functions such as LEFTS. RIGHTS. MIDS.SrRINGJ, etc. are
included. Variables are dynamically allocated. Also indudad are
additional features such as Peck and Poke. A must for any Color
Compiler user running OS-9.
CoCoOS.9 $39.95
C Compiler from WlndrusJi Micro Systems by James McCosh. Full C for
FLEX, SK-DOS except bit-fields, including an Assembler. Requires
the TSC Relocating Assembler if user desires to implement his own
Libraries.
FLEX. SKDOS. CCF ■ $295.00
C Cempller from Inttul - FulIC except Doubles and Bit Fields,
streamlined for the 6809. Reliable Compiler. FAST, efficient Code.
More UNIX Compatible than most.
FLEX. SKDOS. CCF. OS-9 (Level If ONLY). UniFLEX - $575.00
PASCAL Compiler from Lucldala - ISO Based P Code Compiler.
Designed especially for Microcomputer Systems. Allows linkage to
Assembler Code for maximum flexibility.
FLEX. SK. DOS and CCF $190.00
OmegaSoft PASCAL from Certified Software - Extended Pascal for
systems and real-time programming.
Native 680TXV68O20 Compiier.$575 for base package, options available.
For OS 9/68000 and PDOS host system.
6809 Cross Compiler (OS-9ro8000 host) $700 for complete package.
KBASIC . from S.E. MEDIA - A "Native Code" BASIC Compiler which is
now Fully TSC XBASIC compatible The compiler compiles to
Assembly Language Source Code. A NEW, streamlined. Assembler is
now included allowing the assembly of LARGE Compiled K-BASIC
Programs. Conditional assembly reduces Run-time package.
FLEX, SKDOS. CCF. OS-9 Compiler lAstembler $99.00
CRUNCH COBOL from S.E. MEDIA - Supports large subset of ANSD.
Level 1 COBOL with many of the useful Level 2 features. Hull FLEX,
SKDOS File Structures, including Random Files and the ability to
process Keyed Files. Segment and link large programs at runtime, or
implemented as a set of overlays. Ihe System require s 56K and CAN
be run with a tingle Disk System. A vtry popular product
FLfX.SK DOS.CCF $99.95
FORTH from Stearns Electronic* - A CoCo FORTH Programming
Language. Tailored to the CoCol Supplied on Tape, transferable to
disk. Wrlitien in FAST ML Many CoCo functions (Graphics, Sound,
etc.). Includes an Editor, Trace, etc. Provides CPU Carry Rag
accessibility, Fast Task Multiplexing. Clean Interrupt Handling, etc for
Ihe "Pro". Excellent "Learning" tooll
Color Computer ONLY - $58.95
FORTHBUILDER is a stand-alone target compiler (crosscompiler) for
producing custom Forth systems and application programs.
All of the 83-standard defining words and control structures are
recogniwd by FORTHBUILDER.
FORTHBUILDER is designed to behave as much as possible like a
resident Forth interpreter/compiler, so that most of the established
techniques for writing Forth code can be used without change.
Like compilers for oOwr languages, FORTHBUILDER can opaaic in
"batch mode".
Ihe compiler racogniics and emulates target names defined by
CONSTANT or VARIABLE and is readily extended with "com pile-
lime" definitions to emulate specific target words.
FORTHBUILDER is supplied as an executable command file
configured for a specific hast system and target processor. Object
code produced from the accompanying model source code is royalty-
free to licensed users.
FLEX. CCF, SKDOS- 599.95
EDITORS & WORD PROCESSING
JUST from S.E. Media -- Text Formatter developed by Ron Anderson; for
Dot Matrix Printers, provides many unique features. Output
"Formatted" Text to the Display. U« the FPRINT.CMD supplied for
producing multiple copies of the "Formatted" Text on the Piinter
INCLUDING IMBEDDED PRINTER COMMANDS (veiy useful at
other rimes also, and worth the piicc of the program by itself). "User
Configurable" for adaptin g to other Printers (comes set up for Epson
MX-80 with Giafirax): up to ten (10) imbedded "Printer Control
Commands". Compensates for a "Double Width" printad line. Includes
the normal line width, margin, indent, paragraph, space, vertical skip
lines, page length, page numbering, centering, fill, justification, etc
Use with PAT or any other editor.
* Now supplied as a two disk set;
Disk* I JUST2CMD object fit*.
JUST2.TXT PL9 sourceiFLEX. SKDOS - CCF
Disk 02: JUSTSC object and source in C:
FLEX, SKDOS. OS-9. CCF
Ihe JTSC and regular JUST C source are two sepatate programs. JTSC
compiles to a version that expects TSC Word Processor type
commands, (pp .sp .ce etc.) Great for yourolder leal files. The C
Ar»ltaNMj Uk»4i
ll = W I 5 ■ Ml 'IX IS
?. nex.li.ixn.il
CO.CaHrt l i | > Ott
CCF. Qatar Cany >m nix
South 'East Media
S900 Cassandra Smith 3tjf. - tfiQcm, In. 37343
" Shipping *•
ku 1% usjl. (pu«. sua)
IWqji SarfW* A44 S»
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Or CO J*. Ski nit O t*j
'OS * In Tndjirjrt af MktJ—n Jtid Mpfafntt'H.KX ««d L'titFLEX m Tr»*rrMrlmitTlttmk»l SKron Cwi»lmiU-»SIC»POS It I TraJmurt ■TKar-K jaggasfl Spina I jam
68 Micro Journal January '89
31
Tekptone: {615} 842-4600 Sotitft T.OSt tMediil
Teh*: $106006630
OS-9, 'llni'JL'LX, lil'LX, $%**DO$
source compiles to a standard syntax JUST.CMD object flle. Using
JUST syntax (,p ,u ,y etc.) With nil JUST functions plus seven)
additional printer formatting functions. Reference the JUSTSC C
source. For those wanting an excellent BUDGET PRICED woid
processof. wiih features none of the ethers have. This is ill
Disk (I) - PL9 FLEX ontf- FLEX. SKDOS A CCF - 1*9 95
Disk Set (2) ■ FLEX, SKDOS A CCF A OS-9 (C version) - 169 95
OS-9 68K000 compleu with Sourci - S79.95
PAT from S.E. Media - A fuU future screen oiiented TEXT EDITOR with
all the best of "PIE 1 "*. For those who swore by and loved only PIE.
this is foryoul All PIE features andmuchmore! Too many features to
list. And if you don't like these, change or add your own. PL-9 source
furnished. "C" source available soon . Easily eoiifiguted to your CRT,
with special config section.
Regular FLEX. SKDOS tl29.it)
• SPECIAL INTRODUCTION OFFER • 179.95
SPECIAL PATUUST COMBO (wilt, source)
FLEX. SK DOS 199 95
OS-9 68K Version 1229 00
SPECIAL PATlJUST COMBO 68K 1249 00
Nose: JUST in "C" source available for OS-9
CEDRIC from S.E. Media - A screen oriental TEXT EDITOR with
availability of 'MENU' aid. Macro definitions, configurable 'permanent
definable MACROS - all standard features and the fasten 'global'
functions in the west. A simple, automatic terminal config program
makes this a real 'no hassel' product, Only 6K in size, leaving the
average system over 165 sectors for lexl buffer - appx. 14,000 plus of
free mcmoiyl Extra fine for programming as well as text.
FLEX. SKDOS 169.95
BAS-EDtT from S.E. Media • A TSC BASIC or XBASIC screen editor.
Appended to BASIC or XBASIC. BAS-EDIT is irouptrcnt to normal
BASIC/XBAS1C operation. Allows editing while in BASIC/XBASIC.
Supports the following functions: OVERLAY. INSERT and DUP
LINE. Make editing BASIC/XBASIC programs SIMP1£! A GREAT
Cunt and effort saver. Programmed love ill NO more retyping entire
lines, etc Complete with over 25 different CRT terminal configuialion
overlays.
FLEX. CCF. SKDOS 139.95
SCREDITOR III from Windrush Micro Systems - Powerful Screen-
Oiiented Editor/Word Processor. Almost 50 different commands; over
300 pages of Documentation with Tutorial. Features Multi-Column
display and editing, 'decimal align" columns (AND add them up
automatically), multiple keystroke macros, evert/odd page headers and
foolers, imbadded printer corn roi codes, all justifications, "help"
support, store common command series on disk, etc Use supplied "set-
ups', or remap the keyboard to your needs. Except for proportional
printing, this package will DO IT ALLI
6900 or 6809 FLEX. SKDOS or SSBDOS, OS-9 - J/75 XX)
SPELLB 'Computer Dictionary" from S.E. Media - OVER 150.000 words!
Look up a word from within your Editor or Word Processor (with flu
SPH.CMD Utility which operates in the FLEX. SKDOS UCS). Or
check and update the Text after entry; ADD WORDS to the Dictionary.
"Flag" questionable words in the Text, "View a wotd in aontext" before
dunging or ignoring, etc. SPELLB lint checks a "Common Word
Dictionary", then the normal Dictionary, then a "Personal Word list",
and finally, any "Special Word List" you may have specified. SPELIJ3
also allows the use of Small Disk Storage systems.
FLEX . SKDOS and CCF ■ 1129.95
STYLO-GRAPH from Great Plains Computer Co. - A lull-screen oriented
WORD PROCESSOR •- (uses the 51 x 24 Display Screens on CoCo
FLEXOR-DOS. or PBJ Wordpak) Full screen display and editing;
supports the Daisy Wheel propor tion al printers.
NEW PRICES 6809 CCF and CCO - 199.95.
FLEX. SKDOS or OS-9 ■ 1179.95, UnifLEX- 1299.95
STYLO -SPELL from Great Plains Computer Co. - Fast Computer
Dictionary. Complements Stylograph.
NEW PRICES 6809 CCF ond CCO - 169.95.
FLEX, SKDOS or OS-9 - 199.95. UniFLEX- 1149.95
S1YLO- MERGE from Great Plains Computer Co. - Merge Mailing Lislto
"Form" Letters, Print multiple Files, etc., through Stylo.
NEW PRICES 6809 CCF and CCO - 159.95,
FLEX. SKDOS or OS-9 . 179.95. UniFLEX- 1129.95
STYLO-PAK — Graph + Spell + Merge Package Dcailll
FLEX. SKDOS or OS-9 - 1329 95. UniFLEX . 1U9.95
OS9 68000 1695.00
DA T ABASE ACCOVNT1NG
XDMS from Westchester Applied Business Systems
FOR 6809 FLEX or SKDOS (5/8")
Up to 32 groups/fields per record I Up to 12 character file names! Up to 1024
byte records! User defined screen and pint contrail Process filesl Form
ftlesl Conditional execution) Process chaining! Upward/Downward file
linking! File joining! Random file virtual pagingl Buiit in utilities! Built
in text line editor! Fully session oiiented! Enhanced formal Boldface,
Double width, Italics and Underline supported! Written in compact
structured assembler I Integrated for FAST execulicnl
XDMS IV Data Management Syrian
XDMS IV it a brand new approach to data management. Il not only permits
users to describe . enter and retrieve data, but also to process entire files
producing customized reports, screen displays and fue output.
Processing on consist of any of a set of standard high level funaions
including record »td field cleakn , sorting and aggregation, lookups in
other files, special processing of record subsets, custom report
formatting, totaling and subtoteling, and presenuticei of up to three
related files as a "database" on user defined output reports.
POWERFUL COMMANDSI
XDMS-IV combines the functionality of many popular DBMS software
systems with a new easy to use command set into a single integrated
package. We've included many new features and commands including a
set of general file utilities. The processing commands are Input-Process -
Outpul (IPO) which allows almost instant implementation of a pnxz u
design.
SESSION ORIENTED I
XDMS-IV is session oriented. Enter "XDMS" and you are in instant
cururumd of all the features. No more waiting for a command to load in
from disk! Many commands are immediate, such as CREA1E (fde
definition). UPDATE (file editor). PURGE and DELF1E (utilities).
Others are process commands which are used to create a user process
which is executed with a RUN command. Either may be enleicd into a
"process" fue which is executed by an EXECUTE statement. Processes
may exeo) le other processes, or them selves, either cundiiionall y or
uneondi lionall y. Menus and screen prompts are easily coded, and entiic
user applications can be run without ever leaving XDMS-IV
o • < is.a. t . sk -nos
!■■ . n i;x. i: . t.'nin.nx
(X* ■ Oftor Omputor OS.*
CCF - Okx r.irpuur FLEX
South Tost Media
5900 CiusasiiraSmith ty. ■ Mbyon, Tn. 37543
•• Shipping ••
AM 1* U&A. (•*>. tut)
SWe«» ferbu AM 5*
ft>rde> AlnmllAdd 10*
Or cojxSMealat Ontj
■OS-S III Tr»ilninr> «' Mkrmnn .nJ Mnti* ol» «H V X .nJ I'nltTUX iri Tmljm»fklutT«llll>t»l S rmmj CaMulUBU. *S K 'DOS tnjnjtnmri of Sl.rK Wlirt Sy.l.rm Cora.
32
January '89
68 Micro Journal
Tckpfwne: (6 1 5) $42-4600 SOUtfl *EO$ t ^Mcdld
Tdc\: 5Wb006ti30
QS9 t ilni'JL'Ui, 'JL'CX, S'K'IKiS
ITS EASY TO USE1
XDMS-IV keeps data management simple 1 Rather than design i complex
DBMS which hide* the tnie nature of die data, we kept XDMS1V file
onioned. The user view of dm relationships is presented in reports and
screen output, while the actual dau resides in easy to maintain files.
This aspect permits cuitnrruxcd presentation and repots without
complex redefinition of the database files and structure. XDMS-IV may
be used for a wide range of applications from simple recotd
management systems (addresses, inventory ...) to integrated database
systems (otder entry, accounting...)
The possibilities arc unlimited...
FOR SKW FLEX or SK-DOS(5"/8" Dink) $249.95
UTILITIES
Bask09 XR«f from S.E. Media -■ This Basic09 Cross Reference Utility is a
Basic09 Program which will produce a "pretty printed" listing with each
line numbeied, followed by a complete cross referenced listing of all
variables, external procedu res, and line numbers called. Also includes a
Program List Utility which outputs a fast "pretty piinted" listing with
line numbers. Requites Basic09 or RunB.
OS-9 & CCO object only - S39.95; with Source - $79.95
BTree Routines . Complete set of routines to allow simple implementation
of keyed files - /or your programs - running under Basic09. A res! time
saver and should be a pan of evety seiious programmers tool-box.
OS-9 & CCO object only - $89.95
Lucldata PASCAL UTILITIES (Requires Pascal ver 3)
XREF - produce a Cross Reference Listing of any text; oriented to Pascal
Source.
INCLUDE - Include other Files in a Source Text, including Binary -
unlimited nesting.
PROFILER -- provides an Indented, Numbered, "Stiuctogtam" of a Pascal
Source Text File; view the overall structure of latge programs, program
integrity, etc. Supplied in Pascal Source Code; requires compilation.
FLEX. SKDOS. CCF — EACH 5" - $40.00. 8' - 550 00
DUB from S.E. Media - A UnlFLEX BASIC decom pller Re Create a
Source Listing from UnlFLEX Compiled basic Programs. Works with
ALL Versions of 6809 UniFLEX basic.
UniFLEX - $219.95
LOW COST PROGRAM KITS from Southeast Media The following kits
are available for FLEX, SKDOS on either 5" or g" Disk.
1. BASIC TOOL-CHEST $29.95
BL1STER.CMD: pretty piinler
UNEXRE F.BAS: line crots-referenccr
REMPAC.BAS. SPCPAC.BAS. COMPAC.BAS:
remove superfluous code
S1HIP.BAS: superfluous Line-number* stripper
2. FLEX, SKDOS UTILITIES KIT $39.99
CATS. CMD: alphabetically -sorted dircctoty listing
CATD.CMD: daie-soned directory listing
COPYSORT.CMD: file copy . alphabetically
COPYDATECMD: file copy, by dale-oider
FILEDATE.CMD: change file creation dale
LNFO.CMD (A DVFOGMX.CMD): tells disk attributes A contents
REUNK.CMD (A RELHVK82): re-orders fragmented free chain
RESQ.CMD: undeletes (recovers) a deleted Tile
SECIORS.CMD: show sector order in free chain
XL. CMD: super text lister
3. ASSEMBLERS/DISASSEMBLERS UTILITIES $39.95
LINEFEED.CMD: 'modularise' disassembler output
MATH. CMD: decimal, hex, binaiy, octal conventions
A tables
SKIP.CMD: column stripper
4. WORD . PROCESSOR SUPPORT ITI1UTIES $49.95
FULI-STOP.CMD: checks for capitalization
BS1YCIT.BAS (.BAC): Stylo to dot-matrix primer
NECPRINT.CMD: Stylo to dot-matrix printer filler code
5. UTILITIES FOR INDEXING $49.95
MENU.BAS: selects requited piogram from list below
INDEX. BAC: word index
PHRASES. BAC: phrase index
CONTENT.BAC: table of contents
INDXSORT.BAC: fast alphabetic son routine
FORMA TER. BAC: produces a 2-column formatted index
APPEND.BAC: append any number of files
CHAR.BIN: line reader
BAS1C09TOOLS consist of 21 subroutines for Basic09.
6 were wriuen in C Language and die remainder in assembly.
All the routines are compiled down to native machine code which
makes them fast and compact.
1. CF1LL — fills a siting with characters
2. DPEEK - Double peck
3. DPOKE - Double poke
4. FPOS - Current file position
5. FSIZE -- File size
6. FTRIM — removes leading spaces from a suing
7. CETPR - returns the current process ID
8. CETOPr - gels 32 byte option section
9. CETUSR - gets the user ID
10. CTIME - gets die time
1 1 . INSERT - insert a string into anothe r
1 2. LOWER - converts a string into lowercase
13. READY - Checks for available input
14. SETPRIOR --changes a process priority
15. SETUSR - dianges the user ID
16. SETOPr - set 32 byte option packet
17. STIME - sets the time
18. SPACE -- adds spaces to a string
19. SWAP — swaps any two vatiables
20. SYSCALL - system call
21. UPPER - converts a string to uppercase
For OS-9 - $44.93 - Includes Source Code
SOFTOOLS
The following programs arc included in object foim for immediate
application. PI/? source code available for customuation.
READ-ME Complete instructions for initial seHcp and opaaion. Can even
be printed out with die included text processor.
CONFIG one time system configuration.
CHANCE changes wotds, characters, etc. globally to any text type file.
CLEANTXT converts text Tiles to standard FLEX, SKDOS files.
COMMON compare two text files and reports difference*.
COMPARE anotiter check file that reports mis-matched lines.
CONCAT similar to R.EX.SK- DOS append but can also list files to screen.
DOCUMENT for PU9 source files. Very useful in examining parameter
passing aspects of procedures
Anll»Mllt;Ut«>4>
O.OSl.S.SK'DOS
r.VLEK.U. UnlFLEX
CCt . Cue* CotnpuUf OS.*
CCF ■ Color Computer FLEX
South 'East Media
S900 Cassandra Smith <Kf. ■ ffufson, Tn. 37343
master card
•• Shipping ••
Aid J* UiX (nlo. ItMl
Pbnlan Surtn Ado S*
Forriao Alrnsll Add ll«
Or CO.D.SoloplB|On!j
»<W-lll>Tr»ittm»ftof Mkf.mr t «idM.itnrpU. , W.tX»BdU«llT J P»nT Snt»n» Our.
68 Micro Journal
January '89
33
rekpkonc: {615)842-4600 SOUtft T.CLSt ^Mcdla
Tele*: 5106006630
OS-9, llni'JL'LX, '} L'LX, S'K'OOS
ECHO cchot lo either screen or file.
FIND an impiovcd find •omman d with -pattern" rnuchin g and wildcards.
Very useful
HEX dumps filet in both hex and ASCD
INCLUDE a f le copy program thai will accept " ndudes" of other disk files.
KVV1C allowi routing each word, on each line to the beginning. Very useful
n a ton program, etc
I LSTDIR a directory lining program. Not tuper, but better than CAT.
MEMSORT a high-speed text file toner. Up to 10 fields may be sorted.
Very fist. Very useful.
MULTICOL width of page, number of columns may be specified. A
MUST!
PACE similar lo LIST but allows for a page header, page width and depth.
Adjust for CRT screen or printer u set up by CONFIG. A veiy smart
piinl driver. Allows pi nter control commands.
REMOVE a fast file deleter. Careful, no prompts issued. Zap, and its gone!
SCREEN a screen listing utility. Word wraps text lo f t screen. Screen depth
may be altered at run lime.
SORT a super version of MEMSORT. Ascending/descending order, up lo 10
keys, case over-ride, son on n"* word and sort on characters if Trie is
small enough, torts in RAM. If large file, ton it constrained lo size of
your largest disk capacity.
TPROC a small but nice sex t formatter. In s is a complete formatter and has
functions not found in other formatters.
TRANSLIT sons a file by x keyfrelds. Checks for dupl cations. Up to 10
key I les may be used.
UNROTATE used with KWIClhis program reads an input file and unfolds
it a line at a time. If the file has been sorted each word will be
presented in sequence.
WC a word count ul Iity. Can (MUM words, characters or lines.
NOTE: this set of utilities consists of 6 5-174" disks or 2 8" disks, with
source (PL9). 3 5-1/4" disks or I 8" disk without source.
Complete set SPECIAL INTRO PRICE:
5-1/4" with source FLEX or SK-DOS - $129.95
without source - $79.95
8" with source - 579.95 • without source $49.95
FULL SCREEN FORMS DISPLAY from Computer Systems Consultants •
- TSC Extended BASIC program suppons any Sei al Terminal with
Cursor Control or Memory-Mapped Video Displays; substantially
extendi the capabilities of the Program Designer by providing a table-
driven method of describing and using Full Screen D splays.
FLEX. SK-DOS and CCF. UniFLEX - 125.00. with Source - SSOM
SOLVE from S.E. Media - OS -9 Levels I and U only. A Symbolic Object/
Logic Veiificaiion & Examine debugger. Including inline debugging,
disassemble and assemble. SOLVE IS THE MOST COMPI.ETE
DEBUGGER we have seen for ihe 6809 OS-9 series! SOLVE does it
all! With a rich selection of monitor, assembler, disassembler,
environmental, execution and other miseellanerai s commands, SOLVE
it the MOST POWERFULtool-kii item you can own! Yet, SOLVE is
simple lo use! With complete documentation, a snap! Everyone who
has ordered this package has raved! See review • 68 Micro Journal -
Dtaesnber 1985. No "blind" debugging here, full screen displays, rich
and complete in information presented. Since rev cw in 68 Micro
Journal, this it our fatten mover!
Levels 1 A 11 only - OS 9 S69.95
DISK UTILITIES
OS- 9 VDisk from S.E. Media - For Level I only. Ute the Extended
Memory capabil ly of you r SWTPC or Gimix CPU card (or simila r
formal DAT) for FAST Program Compiles. CMD execution, high speed
inter -process communications (without pipe buffers), etc. - SAVE thai
System Memory. Virtual Disk tize it variable in 4K increments up to
960K. Some Assembly Required.
Level I OS-9 object S79.95; with Source 1149.95
O-F from S.E. Media - Wr lien in BASIC09 (with Source), ncludes:
REFORMAT, a IJASIC09 Program thai reformats a chosen amount of
an OS-9 disk lo FLF.X. SK-DOS Formal so it can be used normally by
FLEX. SK-DOS: and FLEX, a BASIC09 Program that does the actual
read or wr le function lo the special O-F Transfer Disk; uicr-fn enJly
menu driven. Read [he FLEX, SK-DOS Directory . Delete FLEX,
SK-DOS Files, Copy both direct ons. etc. FLEX, SK-DOS users use
the special disk just like any other FLEX. SK-DOS disk
OS-9 - 6909168000 S79.9S
LSORT from S.E. Media - A SORT/MERGE package for OS-9 (Level I &
I! only), Sorts records with fixed lengths or variable lengths. Allows
for either ascending or descend ng son. Soiling can be done in either
ASCII sequence or alternate collating sequence. Right, left orno
justification of data fields available. LSORT includes a full set of
comments and errors messages.
OS-9 SSS.00
KIER from S.E. Media - IIIER is a modern hiirarchat storage system for
users under FLEX, SK-DOS. ll answers the needs of those who have
hard disk capabilities on their systems, or many files on one disk - any
size. Using KIER a regular (any) FlEX, SK-DOS disk (8- 5- hard
disk) can have sub directories. By ihis method the problem s of
assigning un que names lo files is less burdensome. Different files with
Ihe exact tame name may be on Ihe same disk, as long as ihey are in
different directories. For ihe Winchester user this becomes a must. Sub-
directories are the modem day solution that all current laige systems
use Each director; looks lo FLEX, SK-DOS like a regular file,
except they have the extension '.DIR'. A full set of directory handling
programs are included, making the operation of HIER simple and
straightforward. A special install package is included to install HIER lo
your particular version of FLEX, SK-DOS. Some assembly required.
Install indicates each byte or reference change needed. Typically - 6
byle changes in source (furnished) and one assembly of HIER is all that
is required. No programming lequircd!
FLEX - SK-DOS S79.95
COPYMULT from S.E. Media -- Copy LARGE Disks lo several smaller
disks. FLEX. SK-DOS utilities allow the backup of ANY size disk to
any SMALLER size diskettes (Hard Disk to floppies, 8" to 5", etc.) by
simply inserting diskeues as requested by COPYMULT. No fooling
wiih directory deletions, elc. COPYMULT.CMD understands normal
"copy" syntax and keeps up with files copied by maintaining directories
for both host and receiving disk system. Also includes BACKUP.CMD
lo download any size "random" type file; RESTORE. CMD lo
restructure copied "random" files for copying, or rccopying back lo ihe
hotl system; and FREELDVK.CMD as a "bonus" utility thai "relinks"
the free chain of floppy or hard disk, eliminating fragmezsusicn.
Completely documented Assembly language Source files included. ALL 4
Programs (FLEX. SK-DOS. 6" or S m ) S99SO
Anita MM.;!
O.OS.t, J. SK-DOS
F.KLEX. U. ttoUXEX
cc» ■ CM* Carnpuur og.»
CCF • Color CanrWUr PLCk
•U.S.? If ft I r vftmftr* orMkrmnt* and
S out ft "East 'Media
5900 CassajufruSmitA %&". - Hvacm, In. 37343
matitrrtard 1
•• Shipping ••
Add I* USA. (ruin. SIS*)
Fonts* Siafmm Add 5*
Fords* Airmail A« le*
Or COH. Sblpfttne Oatj
34
Mntarolft.'HriX .nd UnlKl EX .r.TnJ.fn.rt,orT«hiik.l ■■JTftlnniOvnmlHh1..-SKTH)'j 1.1 Ttadjmara aTStar-KSonwirt SjarnmCmp.
January '89 68 Micro Journal
Telephone; {615)842-4600 SoUtft T.OSt 94edia
'fete*: 5106006630
(V-A ilni'JtJLX, 'JL'LX, S7CDQS
COPYCAT from Luridala - Pascal NOT required. Allows reading TSC
Mini-FLEX. SK-DOS. SSB-DOS68, and Digital Research CP/M Disks
while opcraling under SK-DOS . FLEXI.O, FLEX 2.0.or F1£X 9.0
with 6800 or 6809 Systems. COPYCAT will not perform miracles, but.
between the program and the manual, you stand a good chance of
accomplishing a transfer. Also includes some Utilities to help out.
Programs supplied in Modular Source Code (Assembly language) to
help solve unusual problems.
FLEX. SKDOS and CCF 5"-$S0.00 FLEX. SKDOS 8"-$6S.OO
VIRTUAL TERMINAL from S.E. Media - Allows one terminal to do the
woik of several- The user may start as many as eight tasks on one
terminal, under VIRTUAL TERMINAL and switdi back and fcnih
between tasks at will. No nead to exit each one: just jump back and
foilh. Complete wilh configuration program, The best way to keep up
with those background programs.
6809 OS-9 A CCO - object only - $49.95
FLEX, SK-DOS DISK UTILITIES from Computer Systems Consultants -
Eight (8) different Assembly Language (with Source Code) FLEX,
SK-DOS Utilities for every FLEX, SK-DOS Users Toolbox: Copy a
File wilh CRC Errors; Test Disk for errors: Compare two Disks; a fast
Disk Backup Program; Edit Disk Sectors; Linearize Free-Chain on the
Disk; print Disk Identification; and Son and Replace the Disk Directory
(in sonad older). -- PLUS— Ten XBASIC Programs including: A
BASIC Resequencer wilh EXIRAs over "RENUM" like check for
missing label definitions, processes Disk to Disk instead of in Memory,
etc. Other programs Compare, Merge, or Generate Updates between
two BASIC Programs, check BASIC Sequence Numbers, compare two
unsequenced files, and 5 Programs for establishing a Master Directory
of several Disks, and sorting, selecting, updating, and printing paginated
listings of these files. A BASIC Cross-Referoice Program, written in
Assembly Language, which provides an X-Ref listing of Ihe Variables
and Reserved Words in TSC BASIC. XBASIC, and PRECOMPILER
BASIC Programs.
ALL Utilities include Source (either BASIC or AX. Source Code).
FLEX. SKDOS and CCF - $50.00
BASIC Utilities ONLY for UniFLEX - ■ 13000
MS-DOS to FTEX Transfer Utilities to OS-9 For 68XXX and CCOS 9
Systems Now READ - WRITE . DIR - DUMP - EXPLORE FLEX &
MS-DOS Disk. These Utilities come with a rich set of options allowing
the transfer of text type files fiomAo FLEX A MS-DOS disks. *CoCo
systems require the D.P. Johnson SDISK utilities and OS-9 and two
dr ves of which one must be a "host" floppy.
•CoCo Version: $69.95 6SXXX Version $99 95
MISCELLANEOUS
TABULA RASA SPREADSHEET from Computer Systems Consultants -
TABULA RASA is similar to DESKTOP/PLAN: provides use of
tabular aompulalion schemes used for analysis of business, sales, and
economic conditions. Menu-driven: extensive report-geneiation
capabilities. Requires TSC's Extended BASIC.
FLEX. SKDOS and CCF. UniFLEX- $5000. with Source . $100.00
DYNACALC - Electronic Spread Sheet for Ok 6809 and 68000.
UniFLEX- $395.00. FLEX, SKDOS. OS-9 and SPECIAL CCF ■ $250.00
OS-9 68K ■ $299.00
FULL SCREEN INVENTORY/MRP from Compiler Systems Consultants
Use the Full Screen Inventory Systan/Maierials Requirement Planning
for maintaining inventor es. Keeps item field file in alphabetical order
for easier inquiiy. Locale and/or print records matching partial or
complete item, description, vendor, or attribute: find backorder or
below slock levels. Piintouts in item or vendor order. MRP capability
for the maintenance and analysis of Hierarchical assemblies of items in
Ihe inventory file. Requires TSC's Extended BASIC.
FLEX. SK-DOS and CCF. UniFLEX ■ $50.00. with Source . $100.00
FULL SCREEN MAILING LIST from Computer Systems Consultants -•
The Full Screen Mailing IJst System provides a means of maintaining
simple mailing lists. Locate all records matching on panial or complete
name, city, state, zip, or attributes for Listings or Labels, etc. Requires
TSC's Extended BASIC.
FLEX , SKDOS and CCF. UniFLEX- $50.00, with Source ■ $100.00
DIKT-TRAC Forecaster from S.E. Madia - An XBASIC program that plans
a diet in tains of either calories and percentage of carbohydrates,
proteins and fats (C PG%) or grams of Carbohydrate. Protein and Fat
food exchanges of each of the six basic food groups (vegetable, bread,
meal, skim milk, fruit and fat) for a specific individual. Sex, Age,
Height, Present Weight, Frame Size. Activity Level and Basal
Metabolic Rate for normal individual are taken into account. Ideal
weight and sustaining calories for any weight of the above individual
arc calculated. Provides number of days and daily calendar after weight
goal and caloric plan is determined.
FLEX. SKDOS ■ $59.95. UniFLEX . 189.95
GAMES
RAPIER • 6809 Chess Piogram from S.E. Media - Requires FLEX,
SK-DOS and Displays on Any Type Tenninal. Features: Four levels of
play. Swap side. Point scoring system. Two display board s. Qiange
skill levcL Solve Checkmate problems in 1-2-3-4 moves. Make move
and swap sides. Play white or black. This Is one of the strongest
CHESS programs running on any microcomputer, estimated USCF
Rating 1600* (better than mast 'club' players at higher levels)
FLEX. SKDOS and CCF - $79.95
NEW
MS.DOSIFLEX Transfer Utilities For 68XXX and CoCo* OS-9 Systems.
Now Read, Write. DIR. Dump and Explore FLEX A. MS-DOS Disks.
Supplied wilh a rich set of options to explore and transfer text type files
frorrvta FLEX and MS-DOS disks. *CoCo OS-9 requites SDISK
utilities & two floppy drives,
CCO $69.95 68XXX OS-9 $99.95
MS-DOS and Macintosh
Software at Discounted Prices
"Call for prices, it'll be worth the savings."
(615) 842-4600
A>*IUMJI(; Usenet!
O .OSS. S. SK'tKJS
tr.KUEX,U-U*ll-TtX
act . cater ConrHitir os.»
CCF ■ Celtr CMipulir FUX
South 'Last 'Media
5900 Cassandra Smith %£. • tfb(son, In. 37343
master rarrjl
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■OS.* In TridrrwrturMklwirund Mni.iriil».*M Y,\ »n<l I'nlM.tlX ire Tredwmrlmir Technical Srilninrjinullaiilj.''iK*DO<: li »Tr»dcm»rtl of SHI- KSafrwart Sjatf Cwp,
68 Micro Journal
January '69
35
First, we draw up a blank table, with all headers, including Z, and start off with in both the "Relays Operated" and "Code"
columns. We'll study X's reaction to the info "No relays operated so far". If X=0 there are still no relays operated, so we'll
pass on Code-0 to Y, but if X=l we record I to signify 1L ("One relay operated so far").
The creation of code- 1 forces us to open up tine- 1 , where, if X=0, a set of 1 is formed, and as this is a breach of specs we'll
cut off power with a "-". But if X= I, we have a sequence of 2 so far, so we'll record 2 to signify 2L.
Now we have a code- 2 to analyse! If X=0 a complete set of 2 has been formed, so we'll enter a 3 to signify S2 (a set of 2),
but if X=l we now have 3 in sequence, so we'll enter 4 to signify 3L. Note that we now have TWO undefined codes, namely
3 and 4, so we open up lines 3 and 4! Let's do code-3 first.
If X=0, the code S2 still applies and we enter a 3 in this column, but if X= I we'll be starting a second set (forbidden), so we
cut off power, llien to line-4.
In this line, if X=0 we've completed a set of three, which we'll indicate with code-S to stand for S3 (a set of 3), as this is a
new situation, but if X= I we've "gone over the top" with 4 relays, so we cut off power with a "-". This line forces us to open
up line-5, where, if X^), the situation is still S3, so we enter a 5 in this column, but if X=l then, obviously, a second set is
under way, so once more we'll cut off power.
No new code-numbers means we've come to the end of our design, so let's switch our viewpoint to that of the output, by
checking Z against the "Relays Operated" column. Zero relays or one relay immediately before Z certainly don't call for an
output, but either 2 relays immediately in front or a set of 2 "down the line somewhere" indicate a need for a "1 " in the Z-
column, as does 3 relays immediately in front, or a set of 3 down the line.
Equivalences, here we come!! There are only two lines in Group-O, but the "-" in line- 1 right away makes them incompat-
ible. So let's study Group- 1. Line-2 is incompatible because a 4 CANNOT be combined with a "-". Lines 4 and 5 are
certainly compatible, but how about line-3? Let's compare it with line-4, and say "Lines 3 and 4 would match if only 3 and 5
were compatible. Now let's compare 3 and S! Lines 3 and S would match if only 3 and 5 were compatible, (see column X=0
in all cases). We can't go any further, and as we haven't come across an INCOMPATIBILITY, then all three are equivalent,
so we'll roll up 3, 4 and S into a new line-3, and make all 4s and Ss into 3. We could alternatively have gone the route of
rolling-up line-S into Line-4, as they're definitely equivalent, and making all Ss into 4, then checking lines 3 and 4 by saying
"Lines 3 and 4 would match if only 3 and 4 were equivalent. End of run, no incompatibilities, therefore they are so!"
Diagram 93
Either way, we end up with Diagram 92b, wheie you'll notice I've drawn your attention to Line- 2. Ihis is a special case,
because both columns of X contain the same 3-entry, and in terms of relay contacts means that input-line-2 is connected to
output-line-3 through both a NC and a NO-contact. In other words, whether X is operated or not, input-line-2 will be
connected to output-line-3, and we can save ourselves these two contacts by making a direct connection instead, as I've
shown in the prototype of Diagram 93.
NEW PROTOTYPING RULE
And so we have a new rule for prototyping
If the same code occurs in both columns X=0 and X= I in any one line, a direct connection will be made between the input
and output lines concerned.
Note that power is taken off at both output-lines 2 AND 3 as column-Z has a 1 -entry in BOTH these lines. Are you begin-
ning to get the hang of it now? Let's do another example to give you a better picture.
36
January "89 68 Micro Journal
HERAT1VE NETWORKS - EXAMPLE 3
Design a prototype cell for a circuit of "n" relays which will give an output iff there is exactly one set, which MUST contain
an odd number of relays.
That's certainly different from what we've encountered so far, but as we thrive on variety let's begin with all column
Readings marked out, and the codings for line-0 inserted, as shown in Diagram 94a. So ... if code-0 comes into X and X=0
the same code goes out, but if X=l we'll send out code- 1 to indicate "Odd/L" (meaning "an odd number immediately in fiont
of you").
feUyS
Operated
C«le
3
<
1
Z
1
Od<0-
1
2
3
1
S/Odi
2
2
-
1
Even/U
3
-
1
i
(a)
<K>
— >
Diagram 94
In line-1. if X=0, we have our odd set. which we'll identify with code-2 and S/odd. If X=l we have an even set SO FAR,
which we'll code as 3 andEven/L. This, of course, means opening up two new lines, 2 and 3.
Considering line-2. if X=0 the state of affairs remains unchanged at S/odd, but if X= 1 we're starling a second set, so let's cut
off the power. And in line-3, with an even-numbered string of relays so far, if X=0 we've formed an even SET, so we'll cut
off power here too. But, if X=l . we're back to an odd-numbered string so far, so we'll go back to line-1 ! Agreed?
Finally, looking at things from Z's viewpoint, we'll insert Is in both lines I and 2. There are no equivalences (we must be
gelling better at this son of thing!), so we draw the prototype cell of Diagram 94b directly from 94a. The input power comes
in at Line-0, and is laken off at output lines 1 and 2 of the final cell, just as it came off at lines 2 and 3 in Example-2.
One more example to wiap Ihis whole thing up.
I1ERATIVE NETWORKS - EXAMPLE 4
Design a prototype cell for a network of "n" relays which will give an output if there are EXACTLY two sets of any size
whatsoever.
Ihis looks interesting, so let's go for it! But first note that we're concerned with the number of SETS this time, not the
number of RELAYS, so we head our info-column in Diagram 95a wiih "Sets Opciaied". Commencing on Line-0, if X=0 the
same code goes out, and if X=l we have the staitof Sell, which we'll call code- 1. In line-1, if X=0 we've completed this
set, so we'll use code 2 for IS ("one set completed"), but ifX=l we're still working on our first set, so we insert code-1 here.
Now for line-2! If X=0 we still have one set down the line (code-2), but if X=i we're now stalling on our second set. Let's
code Ihis as 3 and "IS + 1L", meaning, of course, "one set complete, plus a second starting immediately in front of you".
Moving to Line-3, if X=0 we've formed our two sets, which we code as 4, and 2S, whose meaning is quite clear. However, if
X= I we're merely enlaiging Ihe size of this second set so we'll stick with code-3. We still have to analyse line-4, where, if
X=0, ihe situation is unchanged at code -4. but if X=I we're beginning work on a third set (foibidden), so we cutoff power.
And here the table naturally grinds lo a halt
Ihe output-Z is only interested in two complete sets, so we'll insert I s in lines 3 and 4. Again there arc no equivalences, so
the prototype cell shown in Diagram 95b can be drawn directly from 95a.
Ihis concludes the NORMAL technique for constructing iterative networks, though next lime we'll lake a quick look at a
moie advanced method (not too often used) which MAY reduce the number of contacls in a prototype cell, but certainly
shouldn't increase them. So now you can all try your hand at 1EST FOURTEEN- A coming up? FOUR1EEN-B will unfold
next time.
68 Micro Journal
January '99
37
TEST FOURTEEN-A
Design the prototype cell for a circuit of "n" relays which will give an output
(a) iff there is only ONE set, consisting of either ONE or THREE relays.
(b) iff AIX sets consist of ONE or THREE relays, and there's at least one set.
(c) iff ALL sets consist of ONE or THREE relays, OR if no relays are operated.
(d) iff there is EXACTLY one set, containing at least TWO relays.
(c) iff there are exactly TWO sets, containing exactly TWO relays each.
Iric following are NOT COMPULSORY .... but why not tiy them?
(0 iff there are exactly TWO sets, one with ONE relay and the other with TWO.
(g) iff there is exactly ONE set of THREE relays, but there may be other sets of any other size,
(h) ifr there is exactly ONE set of two tJNOPERATED relays! Watch this one!!
(i) if thcieare any number of sets of any size, EXCEPT that output must be cutoff iff there is among them exactly ONE set
of ONE or TWO relays.
HINT : Design for a circuit which WILL give an output for one set of cither one or two relays, and then graphically comple-
ment it.
(j) iff there are exactly TWO sets, one of TWO relays and the other of any other size.
Hope you enjoy these! Just to ease your load, I'll set up camp and cook a meal while you folks get scribbling on your pads!
...End of Mile 17, sitting at marker "Mile 18"
FOR THOSE WH
68 MICRO
JOURNAL
TM
3B
January '89
ee Micro Journal
Forth
A Tutorial Series
By: R. D. Lurie
9 Linda Street
Leominister. MA 01453
FORTH09: A FORTH for OS-9 on the 6809
Here it is at last! Dan Johnson has
come through for us just like the
proverbial cavalry at the end of a John
Wayne movie. He has written a
completely full-fealured FORTH-83 for
OS-9. 1 hope thai you will pardon mc
while I drool as I type this, since I am
most excited with Dan's opus.
This product is called "FORTH09", and
it has absolutely no relationship to the
public domain minimal program of the
same name which I discussed in my
August, 1988, column.
General Description
FORTH09 is a greatly expanded 83-
FORTH. It meets all of the require-
ments of the standard, plus it has a
number of its own expanded features.
In fact, FORTH09 has so many features
that I cannot possibly do all of them
justice in a shoit review. As one should
expect from a quality product,
FORTH09 includes an assembler and a
screen editor.
The assembler covers all of the 6809
addressing modes, and, of couise, it
usesRPN, so beginners will think that
the statements look a little confusing.
However, it takes practically no lime to
become used to that. The relative
branches are handled in a high-level
format, litis way, the programmer does
not have to woiiy about whether a
branch is shoit or long. The manual
contains an entirely adequate explana-
tion of how this works.
The screen editor comes configured for
3 standard terminals and for the
CoCo3. Just choose the type that you
are using and compile the proper
screens. If your terminal doesn't (it one
of the current choices, you can find
instructions on making the changes to
one of the existing forms or on writing
your own.
There is a kemal of code which must be
loaded at startup, but the rest of the
code is in screens which can be
compiled as needed. Therefore, one can
tailor a version of FORTH09 to a
specific job without carrying a tot of
excess code which does nothing but
occupy RAM or ROM. The manual
says that by choosing to do so, efficient
ROM code can be geneiatcd (I have no
way to bum a ROM, so I can't check
this, but I don't doubt it!)
The important OS-9 calls are available
directly from FORTH09, so this would
eliminate a lot of the need for assembly
language routines. In fact, I am such a
klutz with OS-9 that I was amazed
when I could use the calls so easily.
Certainly, I had a lot less Double than I
had with C or BASIC09! Fuilheimore,
I hope to use FORTH09 to teach
myself more about how OS-9 operates.
Talk about "instant graiifi cation"! ! !
Scope
FORTH09 is the epitome of wide
usefulness. The same version works on
both Level I and Level II OS-9. The
only reason I can think of for having
two working copies of the system disk
is that you do need a different boot for
Level 1 and Level II. Otherwise, it
would be difficult to know which
version you were using. As I see it
now, I think that FORTH09/Level 1
would be most useful for machine
control and FORTH09/Level II would
be best every where else.
As I mentioned before, FORTH09 has
been designed to work well on virtually
any 6809 machine running OS-9. 1 only
have OS-9 for the CoCo, so I can't
check this for sure, but it looks fine to
me from reading the manual and the
screens. Other than disk format, the
only differences that I anticipate would
arise from the peculiarities of a
particular terminal con figuration.
I will confess that after I received my
review copy of FORTH09, 1 finally
realized just how much I HATED OS-
9! Well, that has suddenly changed. I
can't say that OS-9 is my favorite
opeiating system, yet, bulFORTH09
has certainly turned the corner for me.
68 Micro Journal
January '69
39
Detailed Description
FORTH09 differs from the usual FIG
model in seveial important ways. First
of all, this is a subroutine-threaded
code, rather than the string of execution
addresses which are indirectly loaded
and executed by NEXT . Whenever
speed is important, the compiler can be
signaled to compile a definition in line,
rather than as a subroutine jump. 1 nis
is not routinely done, because it can
make a significant diffeience in the
length of the code, but it is a dynami-
cally available option.
Two separate dictionaries are main-
tained by FORTH09. They are called
the PRIMARY and the SECONDARY
dictionary. The significance is that it is
possible to SAVE only the PRIMARY
dictionary, thus creating a minimum
sued block of code which can stand
alone, as in ROM. However, the
SAVESYS command saves both dic-
tionaries, which is important since the
assembler and editor are entirely in the
SECONDARY dictionary. Following
Dan's recommendation, I normally
select the SECONDARY dictionary for
all of the definitions which I write and
then do a SAVESYS ; after all, disks
are cheap!
Each dictionary header is separate from
its code. I don't know what difference
that would make to the average user,
but it would make it virtually impos-
sible for somebody to reverse-engineer
a ROM made with FORTH09.
Screen II
Dan has provided a large number of
additional definitions beyond 83-
FORTH. This includes a pretty
complete line of double-number words,
so there would probably be no need for
a floating-point package; 32-bit num-
bers generally exceed the capacity of
most floating-point packages, and
scaling should be used for the big
number/little number problem, anyway.
Dan has exeited a little bit of author's
license in changing some of the
familiar FORTH words to fit in with
his ideas. As examples, he has DDLIP
instead or 2DUP and ENDIF instead of
THEN as his preferred forms. How-
ever, he has provided the common
synonyms, also, so this does not present
a problem. In fact, he has provided the
word EQU which generates a synonym
for any existing word, so you can
customize you own package, if you
want to. All of these changes are
adequately coveted in the glossary and
will never cause you a problem, unless
you are working with the minimum
possible memory.
Caveats
A couple of points should be made
about the differences between
FORTH09 and some other FORTHs,
which might otherwise fall between the
cracks. All of the pioblems mentioned
here are related to transportability of
programs and data between various
FORTHs. If you are not concerned
about that, then you can skip the next
few paragraphs.
Decimal point within a number: It is
usually acceptable to enter a number
containing a decimal point, even
t hough that decimal point will be
ignored during integer math operations.
However, the location of the decimal
point is saved in a variable, usually
called DPL , for use in some later
operations. I have not been able to
make FORTH09 accept a number
containing a decimal, no matter how I
have tried. Furthermore , DPL is not
ptovided, so you will have to use your
own. As I write this, I don't know how
to "fix" it, but I will ask Dan to look
into the matter. He has said that he
intends to release a floating-point
package, which should eliminate the
whole problem, but it can interact
unfavorably with existing programs
which use math opeations.
Flagging double numbeis: All other
FORTHs flag the keyboard input of a
double number by terminating the entry
with a ".", but FORTH09 does litis by
proceeding the first digit with a "#**. I
can't see that this would affect the
portability of FORTH code, since the
only change is duting keyboard entry,
and not during program execution. The
only problem might come from reading
data from a text file on disk, but even
that appears to be a little far-fetched.
All in all, I think that the only real
problem could come from the ftustia-
tion of having to learn another way to
enter keyboard data, but even I learned,
so you can, too.
\ Test saitples
SECONDARY
: EXO { - )
CR ." This is the first example." CR ;
: EX1 ( - )
CR . " This is the second exanple." CR ;
: EX2 ( - )
CR . " This is the third exanple." CR ;
: EX3 ( - )
CR ." This is the fourth exanple." CR ;
\ FDL092188 10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
HO
111
112
113
|14
115
40
January '89
68 Micro Journal
Screen #2
\ The first experiment RDL092186
10
U
: TABLE1
12
CREATE
13
DO£S> SWAP 2* + g EXECOTE ;
14
15
TABIE1 EXPERIMENT1 \ create the vector table
16
) EXO EX1 EX2 EX3 [ \ load the table
\^
Vector table generation: There are two
common ways to generate vector jump
tables; one way is shown in Screen #2
and the other in Screen #3. At this
point , I simply want to say that the
method shown in Screen #2 will crash
in FORTH09. but the method is Screen
#3 works Tine. This appears to be a
function of the way FORTH09 is built,
and is not something that can be
changed. On the other hand, I think that
the method shown in Screen #2 is very
poor programming practice and should
be killed, any way. However, many
programs exist which use the scheme of
Screen #2, so watch out for it!
Shadow screens: FORTH09 requires
that you use shadow screens. Unless
you can think of some trick to play on
the system, these screens are only
useful for documenting the correspond-
ing "regular" screen. There is no real
harm, here, except that I don't like to
be forced into an unfamiliar documen-
tation scheme. I much prefer to
document directly on the program
screen so that I can see the comment
and the code at the same time. This is
only possible with shadow screens
when you have a 132-column display.
Also, I admit to a rather silly prejudice
against "wasting" so much disk space.
SOURCE: D. P. Johnson, 7655
Southwest Cedarcrest St, Portland. OR
97223. $150 (plus $3 S/H).
VECTORED JUMP TABLES
In my last column. I discussed forward
addressing and showed a rather elegant
way to generate a vectored jump table.
I would now like to discuss another
way which used the CREATE ...
DOES> construct; it is not as elegant,
but is much simpler to type. However,
it will not do the job of cross-selecting
menus which was discussed last lime;
tiy it and you will sec why.
Screen # 1 simply defines the four
words to be selected by our jump table.
These definitions must be written
before the table is defined, but can be
written after the defining woids
TABLE1 and TABLE2 . 1 have placed
them in the first screen simply for
convenience in illustrating the point.
Screen #2 uses CREATE ... DOES> to
define a "defining word" called
TABLE 1 . Notice that CREATE simply
leaves an open space to be filled by the
vectors at a later date. No specific
amount of space is reserved at this
lime, so we have not specified how
large the table is to be. The DOES>
specifies what is to be done at run-time
with the data in the table, but not how
the data arc to get there.
Line #6 of Screen #2 actually creates
the vector table. Notice that this line is
actually a command line which is
executed when the screen is first
loaded, and it is not a pait of a defini-
tion to be executed later. The format of
the command is simply its name
TABLE 1 . which invokes its name, and
EXPERIMENTS , which is the name of
the jump table. Nothing could be
simpler, which probably accounts for
the popularity of this format.
All that is necessary to load the table
named EXPER1MENT1 is the com-
mand shown in line #7. This must
immediately follow the table invoca-
tion, or the scheme won't work. This
line works because ] immediately turns
on the compiler and loads into the
dictionary the execution addresses of
the following words. The [ immediately
switches back to the interpreter,
thereby slopping the addition of
execution addiesses to the dictionary.
Screen #3 starts off pretty much the
same way, but CREATE takes a
number from the Data Stack and
allocates the actual storage space for
the table during compilation. This way,
the size of the table is set explicitly and
is fixed as soon as TABLE2 is invoked.
Therefore, it is not necessary to fill the
table immediately, but it can be done at
any time. This is a great programming
convenience.
The action of DOES> in this screen is
exactly the same as in Screen #2. You
can see this with a Data Stack diagram,
which you should construct if you need
more help understanding the following
explanation. The definition is entered
with the address of the first element of
the table as the top of the stack and the
offset into the table as the next element
of the stack. Therefore, the SWAP is
necessaiy to get the offset into the right
place. 2* multiplies the offset by the 2
bytes taken by a 16 -bit address and +
adds the result to the starting address.
@ calls the execution address and
EXECUTE jumps toil.
68 Mcro Journal
January '69
41
Screen #3
\ The second experiment
RDL092188
TABLE 2
CREATE
DOES>
2* A1J>CT
SWAP 2* + 8 EXECUTE
4 TAHLE2 EXFERIMENT2
S create the vector table
EXO > EXPERIMENT2 >BODY 2*+
EX1 * EXPERIMENT2 >BODY 12* +
EX2 « EXPERIMENT2 >BODY 2 2* +
EX3 ' EXPERIMENT2 >BODY 3 2* +
\ load the table
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
\~l
16
19
110
HI
The vector table is created by the
command in line 86. The first com-
mand must be a number which sets the
size of the lable, 4 in ihis case. This
means that there will be 4 addresses
stoied in a lable named EXPERI-
MENT . Again, ihis is pretty much the
same as in Screen #2, with the excep-
tion of the size of the table being on the
Data Slack before calling TABLE2 .
The remainder of Screen #3 simply
shows one way to fill the vectored
jump table named EXPERIMENTS .
Notice that 1 have used an expanded
format for each of the four commands
required to load the four execution
addresses into ihe table called EX-
PERIMENT . This makes the com-
mands self-documenting, which is a big
help. Il shows which address goes
where in the table. It also makes it easy
to change Ihe table later, but Ihis
smacks too much of self-modifying
code to be to my taste. It is much more
difficult to modify TABLE I , because
it is harder to find which address went
wheie (this may be an advantage!?!).
Either scheme, Screen #2 or Screen #3,
will work with most versions of
FORTH, but not wilh FORTH09. You
can only use the procedure in Sciecn #3
wilh FORTH09. However, the algo-
rithm implemented in Screen #3 is
better for several reasons, so I recom-
mend it, no matter which FORTH you
are using.
CORRECTION
A line got left out of the definition of
DO-IT in the last column. The first line
of Ihe definition should be
R> DROP
followed by the test of the definition.
Wiihout this addition, the Return Stack
will eventually overflow. I did not
catch the error simply because I did not
cycle through the example enough
limes. Dave Angel caught this for me
when I showed him the code. This just
proves that, no matter how hard I uy
and how hard 1 test. I cannot guarantee
thai my code will always be perfect!?!
FOR THOSE WH<
68 MICRO
JOURNAL
TM
42
January '69
68 Micro Journal
t n
Mac-Watch
For Those
Needing (o
68 MJ
The Macintosh™ Section
Reserved as
A place for your thoughts
And ours
Mac- Watch
A Review of ThePerfectWORD™
Software for Bible Study and Research
By James £. Law
1806 Rock Bluff Rd.
Htiason TN 37343
If I said that the Macintosh can be all things to
all people, you would no doubt think the case to be
somewhat oveistated. Even Apple's Mac evangel-
ists wouldn't go quite that far. It Is true, however,
that the Macintosh (and other computers) can
serve an almost unbelievably wide variety of needs
from spreadsheets for Accountants to data bases
for a Zinc mining company. It should be no
surprise then, to note that software Is now avail-
able to support the serious Bible student and
researcher.
Many people believe that the Bible is the in-
spired word of God. and that It tells men how to live
In order to be saved. That makes it worthy of
careful study. Fully understanding Its message,
however, takes considerable diligence and calls for
the use of every tool at one's disposal. The apostle
Peter said that Paul wrote "some things hard to be
understood." Most Bible students won't have any
difficulty in agreeing that the Bible Is a challenging
book.
Star Software. Inc. (229 Live Oaks Blvd. Cas-
selbeny. Florida 32707) has developed several
software packages to assist students and re-
searchers In studying the Bible. One of these.
ThePei feet WORD, is a fast and powerful search
engine for finding, displaying, saving, and printing
verses meeting specific search criteria. I have used
this program frequently over the last two months
and In this review. I'll share my experiences with
you.
Getting Started
When ThePerfectWORD Is opened, a display
window and an entry window appear. You enter
search criteria In the entry window and the verses
identified in the search will be shown in the display
window. The entry window can be hidden when not
in use to provide more room for text. The text can
be displayed In 9. 10, or 12 point type, and the
spacing between verses can be adjusted.
Show Me the Verse
One of the simpler uses of ThePerfectWORD is
to view selections of text. Select the "Show" mode,
enter "James 2:24," and Instantly this verse ap-
pears on the screen. This portion of the program
Is extremely flexible and allows precise selection of
Just the text you want to see. For example, you
might want to see Romans 4:1-25; Hebrews 11:1;
11:8-19; and James 2: 14-26 at the same time. No
problem. Just enter the desired verses In an easy
to understand format and they all appear. Consid-
erable abbreviating of book names Is allowed. The
window has standard zoom button, scroll bars,
and a grow box to view text when the selection is
more than can be seen at one time.
Where Does It Say. . .?
By far the most Important capability of The-
PerfectWORD is Its ability to find verses which
satisfy prescribed search criteria. The feature is
perfect when you want to know where the verse Is
that says that Jesus is a "propitiation" (Just enter
the word "propitiation" In the entry window.) A
more common use might be to view all the passages
that mention a specific word (e.g. . "marriage"). You
are not limited to searching on words, but can also
search on phrases (e.g.. "in Christ").
ThePerfectWORD searches are FAST! For
example, a search of the entire Bible for the word
"covering" resulted In 43 verses being found in
about 6 seconds. A search of Ihe entire Bible for
68 Micro Journal
January '60
43
verses that contain both the word "faith" and the
word "grace" took on the order of 3 seconds. The
time required forthe search seems more related to
the number of "hits" than the scope of material
being searched. Several months ago, I reviewed a
competing Bible study program, and at the time
was favorably impressed with its speed. Little did
I know! It quickly became apparent that ThePer-
fectWORD was an order of magnitude faster than
its most advertised competitor,
ThePerfectWORD allows you to set the limits of
your search. You may enter specific starting and
stopping points. A quicker method for setting
search limits Is to check Quick Set dialog boxes
such as Old Testament. Poetry. Entire Bible.
Gospels, or Epistles. There is a block for almost all
searches that I make, so detailed entiles were
rarely needed.
The PerfectWORD provides great flexibility in
specifying search criteria. A string of different
words or phrases may be entered and connected
with symbols for "or" . "and", or "not." For ex-
ample, by entering "faith, grace" you will be shown
all veises which contain both the word "faith" and
the word "grace." Similarly, the entry of "Adam,-
Eve" will display all verses which mention "Adam"
but do not mention "Eve." Parentheses may be
used for nesting in more complex searches. This
provides great power to the researcher In indicat-
ing the subjects to be identified in the seaich.
Searches involving complex logical strings are. of
course, much slower than simple word
searches.Note that the logic statements are not
necessarily limited to words within a given verse.
For example, If the same sentence used both the
terms "grace" and "faith" yet the words fell in
adjacent veises. these verses could still be Identi-
fied in the search example cited above. ThePer-
fectWORD allows the context range for input logic
statements to be specified. For example, the user
can say. "I want to see the places where "grace"
and "faith" are mentioned within 3 verses of each
other (or 1 verse, or 2 verses, etc.).
The result of searches may be displayed in two
formats. Either the references only may be en-
tered (i.e.. the book, chapter, and verse) or the
references with text may be displayed. An serious
limitation of IhePeifectWord Revision 1.0 was
that only 100 verses with text could be viewed.
Foitunately, this limitation was removed in Revi-
sion 2.0 by allowing the full text of searches to be
displayed regardless of the number of verses in-
volved.
Let's See it In Context
Often, It will be useful to see the veises satisfy-
ing your search criteria in context, that is. with
some preceding and following verses displayed.
With other Bible search programs, you will have to
pull out your Bible and look each verse up. Not so
wtth ThePerfectWORD. Simply double click any
verse and tt Is instantly displayed within a separate
window in context. You can have ThePerfectWORD
display from 1 to 10 verses before and after the
verse of interest. This Is a most useful feature since
the division of the Bible into verses often causes
breaks in the middle of sentences and ongoing
thoughts.
Word Counts
Have you ever wondered how many times a
particular word Is used in the Bible? If so. your
curiosity can be satisfied. In seconds. ThePer-
fectWORD can count all the occurrences of a word
in the designated range. For example "Jesus" Is
used 983 times in the Bible, and Paul uses the word
"law" 78 times in Romans. ThePerfectWORD can
search for all words except about 50 very common
words like "and", "the", and "a."
You can count a string of words at the same
time. Enter each word you want counted separated
by a space, comma, or semicolon, and the word
count for each will be displayed.
ThePeifectWORD can even count words based
on entiy of an abbreviation. For example, if you
wanted to count all forms of the word "belief", you
could enter "belle." and the words "believe, believes,
belief, believeth. believest, believing, and believed"
would be counted and the totals for each displayed.
The ability to use abbreviations to widen a count is
also useful in accurately scoping out a search for
verses meeting the search cilteila. In the above ex-
ample, a search for "belle." would result in verses
containing any ofthe above words being displayed.
Side by Side Comparisons
One of the most impressive ThePerfectWORD
features is its ability to open numerous windows at
once. For example, you can display Joel 2 in one
window, open a new window for Daniel 2, and then
display Acts 2 to see passages on prophecy and
prophecy fulfilled. Similarly, you could display at
the same time, passages from each of the four
Gospels dealing with a particular parable. You can
do the same thlngwith the results of word searches.
For example, in one window you could display all
passages from Romans with the word "faith" and in
another window all passages mentioning "works."
Window management Is easy. The Windows
menu lists all currently open windows and allows
44
January '89
68 Mcro Journal
you to activate any of them. If you select Tile
Windows from the Display menu, all text windows
are neatly arranged side by side. With this feature
you can easily view up to 5 windows at once. If you
select "stack windows." the windows are placed In
a staggered fashion behind one another so that
while only one window Is fully exposed, the titles of
all windows are displayed. Regardless of the option
chosen, any window clicked becomes active and
may be scrolled to see more text.
Saving Your Work
It's likely that oiten you will want to save the
results of your research. ThePerfectWORD pro-
vides several possibilities. First, you may export
the contents of windows through the clipboard.
Second, you may save any window as a text file
which can be read by your word processor or page
layout program. Finally, you may create a verse
file.
The verse file option saves the results of your
research as a list of verses without the accompany-
ing text. This makes such files extremely compact.
When you open such a file, you will have the option
of viewing only the references (I.e.. the book, chap-
ter, and verse) or also see the text. The Open. New.
Save, and Saue As commands work wllh Verse
Filesjust like other files.
Using the appropriate menu selections, you
can add or delete verses to a verse file and can
combine multiple verse files together. You can
select the Sort and Merge option to remove dupli-
cate verses and put the remaining ones In Bible
order. You may also add a descriptive header to
each verse file. This description will be saved,
displayed, and printed with the verse file.
Printing Options
ThePerfectWORD window may be printed by
selecting Print from the File menu. You may
choose font size (9, 10. or 12) and vei'se spacing,
but may not specify font style. If you want to alter
the format si^iiflcantly. you will need to transfer
the Information via a text file or the clipboard to
some other application.
General Information
ThePerfectWORD can be used with the Macin-
tosh 512E. Plus. SE. and II. Supposedly, you can
operate with only one disk drive if you have at least
a megabyte of RAM, but I suspect you would need
the patience of Job to do so. Any program whose
files occupy 2.6 megabytes calls for a hard disk for
FOR THOSE WH
efficient operations
ThePerfectWORD is such a simple program
that you will rarely need to refer to the manual.
When you do. you will generally find It to be
adequate. I did have some problems understand-
ing how to use the verse file feature, but in retro-
spect, this was probably a result of my failure to
read carefully enough and not that the manual was
unclear.
Other Related Product!
The text modules used In this review were the
King James Version and the New International
Version. Each English language translation is $75.
Star Software also offers a Greek translation for
$150 and a Hebrew translation for $180 transla-
tions. These enable Bible researchers to perfoim
searches on the original Greek or Hebrew word..
The Hebrew version Is entered and displayed from
right to left on the screen since this language Is
read and written In this manner. These nonEngllsh
translations were examined only briefly during this
review since my only language Is Southern Eng-
lish. These products appeared to perform as adver-
tised.
Do Tou Need ThePerfectWord?
I have used ThePerfectWORD frequently over
the last two months and find It to be an exceptional
program. Serious Bible students or researchers
with access to a Macintosh cannot afford to be
without this program. It does Its thing so well that
concordance books are made hopelessly obsolete.
The speed of ThePeifectWORD Is truly awesome. I
had a number of concerns about limitations In
Revision 1 of ThePerfectWORD but Star Software
corrected all of them In Revision 2 leaving me little
to gripe about. Users of Revision 1 should contact
Star Software about upgrading to the new version
since It is so much Improved.
As a Macintosh software reviewer. I have ac-
cess to a fairly wide variety of software. Most of It.
however, gathers dust after the review. I can
assure you that such will not be the case with
ThePerfectWORD.
ThePerfectWORD Is a quality product which
deserves your attention. 1 iccommend tt
EOF
#J NEED TO KNOW
68 MICRO.
JOURNAL
TM
68 Micro Journal
January *89
45
Intelligent Write / Erase Cycle Stress of
MC68HC11 EEPROM Devices
Robert J. Pinteric
Motorola, Inc.
6501 WM Cannon Drive West - OE312
Austin, TX 78735
(512)440-2077
Devices with EEPROM memories are
tested in several different ways to scieen
units which would fail prematurely in an
end-user's system. These tests typically
include functional, pattern, data retention,
and write / erase (W/E) cycling endur-
ance testing. The fonner of these tests
can be peifoimed in a relatively short
period of time using a high speed MOS
test system, resulting in a low test cost
per unit However, the repeated W/E
cycle stress of an EEPROM device lakes
a significant amount of time to complete.
Screening units in this fashion using a
high speed test system would result in
high test costs per unit and low test
throughput.
In order to minimize test costs and
increase test thioughput of Motorola
MC68HC1 1 EEPROM Microcontroller
units (MCU), a system has been devel-
oped which can simultaneously peifoim
W/E cycling on up to 50 devices. These
systems utilize the on-chip subsystems of
the MC68HC1 1 in a unique way which
enables each device to literally test itself.
The system software enables W/E cycling
of five different MC68HC 11 MCU
devices: MC68HC1 1 A8,
MC68HC81 1 A2, MC68HC81 1E2,
MC68HC1 1E9. and the MC68HC1 1F1.
Although these systems are primarily
used to peifoim production W/E cycling,
it is also used to perform engineering
evaluations. Furthermore, the system can
be software configured to function as an
MC68HC1 1 EEPROM gang program-
mer.
ROM - 12K BY1ES
EEPROM -512 BYTES
RAM -512 BY1ES
PE7-
pes -
pes -
PE4 -
PE3 -
PE2 -
PE1 -
peo-
V HH_
V RL"
RESET
JOES'
JCTAL ■
EXTAL ■
MODA
fUHf
MODB —
^STBY >
A/D
FUUSB ACCLTMULAT
TIMER
I— l XT)
i-eriouic intkrhi
COP WATCHDOG
IT
PA]
OC2
OC3
0C4
/IC4
IC1
JC3
IC3
SPI
SS*
SCK
MOSI
MISO
SCI
TxD
RxD
> <
"♦ft
PA7
PA6
PAS
PM
PA3
PA2
PA1
PAO
PD5
PCM
PD3
P02
PDI
I-1XJ
M6811 CPU
INTERRUPTS
OSCILLATOR
MOIJE
nutci
ADtJRKSS / DATA BUS
n
******* v
Li A il
nl **
HANDSHAKE I/O
********
uuufj;
DATA I) I RUCTION :
lom-c
1 I || I I I I A i A A A 1 1 A
TYTTTTTT TtTTTTTl'
**
1 £
SINGLK
CHIP
8 |Sexpa
FIGURE 1 MC68HC11E9FN BLOCK DIAGRAM
DEVICE NUMBER
ROM
RAM
EEPROM COMMENTS
MC68HC11A8
8K 256
512
ORIGINAL 68HC11
MC68HC11E9
12K
512
512 MORE ROM t
MC68HC811A2
NONE 256
2K
NO ROM
MC68HC811E2
NONE 25 6
2K
4 INPUT CAPTURES
MC68HC11F1
NONE
IK
512 NON-MUX BUS
RAM
TABLE 1
MC68HC11 FAMILY OF DEVICES.
46
January *89
68 Micro Journal
MC68HC II Overview
In order to fully comprehend Ihe
function of the W/E cycle sysiem, a biief
overview of the MC68HC1 1 is necessaiy.
As mentioned previously, there are five
diffeient members of ihe M68HCI 1 Fam-
ily, each with different memory sizes and
features, as listed in Table 1. For sim-
plicity, the MC68HC1 1E9 MCU will be
discussed. The MC68HC11E9 MCU,
shown in Figure 1 , contains 12k bytes of
mask programmable ROM, 512 bytes of
RAM.and512bytesofEEPROM. In
addiiion to memory, the MC68HC1 1
contains an 8 bit 8 channel A/D con-
vener, two serial pons, a 16 bit free
running timer wilh 3/4 input capture lines
and 5/4 output compare lines, a real time
interrupt, and a pulse accumulator. The
MCU utilizes an enhanced M6801 in-
struction set wilh 88 additional opcodes,
including divide and bit manipulation
instmclions.
The EEPROM memory is enabled
when ihe EEON bit in ihe CONFIG
register is set. The write (or program-
ming) mechanism for the EEPROM is
controlled by user programmable bits in
ihe PPROG register. The erased state of
the EEPROM is $FF, thus programming
changes a bit from a 1 to a 0. Program-
ming and erasure of the EEPROM relies
on an internal high-voliage charge pump.
MC68HCI I devices operate in one of
four modes: I) single-chip, where the
device acts as a monolithic MCU, 2) ex-
panded multiplexed, where two I/O pons
become a multiplexed address/data bus,
3) special test, for factory testing only,
and 4) bootstrap mode. The MC68HC1 1
is configured to run in ihe bootstrap mode
when operating in the W/E cycle system.
When configured in the bootstrap mode,
the MC68HC1 1 is capable of receiving a
serial stream of data via its serial commu-
nications interface (SCI) and storing ihe
data to RAM. Once the serial transmis-
sion is received, Ihe M68HC1 1 vectors to
the beginning of RAM and executes the
code.
Write / Erase System Hardware
The W/E sysiem consists of two
boards, a device under test (DUT) board,
shown in Figure 2, and a driver board,
depicted in Figure 3. The driver board
controls the W/E stress of the
M68HCI I's, which are placed on the
DUT board. The two boards interface via
an edge connector. In production, W/E
cycling occurs at 125 C. Thus, Ihe DUT
board is placed inside a high temperature
oven and connects to the driver board
located outside Ihe oven through the
edge connector which is placed inside the
oven wall.
CLOCK. POWER AND RESET SIGNALS
i
DUT
NUMBER
1
I
DUT
NUMBER
2
I/O LINES
DUT BOARD I.D.
RESISTOR PACK
1
DUT
NUMBEtf*-
N
FIGURE 2 W/E SYSTEM DEVICE UNDER TEST BOARD.
66 Micro Journal
January '89
47
•+-•>
LED'S
LED
DRIVER
PRINTER
INTERFACE
68701
MCU
DUT
CLOCK,
POWER
AND
RESET
CIRCUITRY
I/O LINES
DUT
BOARD
I.O.
DECODE
CIRCUITRY
«#-#>
FIGURE 3 W/E SYSTEM DRIVER BOARD BLOCK DIAGRAM.
llie MC68HC1 1 DUT board coniains
little circuitry outside of the MCU's
themselves. Each MC68HC1 1 connects
to an IAD bus in order to communicate
with the driver board. Via the DUT
socket, the port E pins of each MCU are
hardwired with a hexadecimal address
equivalent to the socket number in which
it is placed. Since the IAD signals are
bussed, this address is used by each DUT
to discern whether the driver is initiating
communication with itself or another
DUT. Clock, power and reset signals are
also obtained from the driver board. The
DUT's opeiate at an E clock frequency of
1.0 MHz with a S.S volt supply. Lastly,
the DUT board contains a hardwired
board identification code to inform the
driver board of the package type and
quantity of MC68HC1 1 *s on the DUT
board. DUT boards were made to support
48 pin DIP, and 52 and 68 pin PLCC
packages. (Note: see MC68HCU Data
Sheets for package information on
particular MC68HC1 1 MCU devices.)
Table 2 lists the quantity and the package
type of the MCU's for the respective
DUT board codes.
HKST5TOR PACK NODK DUT PACKAGE TYPE
Nl n2 n3
DUT QUANTITY
PLCC
30
PLCC
50
DIP
15
DIP
30
llie driver board is primarily com-
posed of a Motorola MC68701 MCU and
several logic chips. The MC68701
MCU's features include 2k bytes of
EPROM, 128 bytes of RAM, an SCI, and
parallel IAD. The driver board consists of
several sections which facilitates its use
in both a production and engineering
environment. As cited earlier, the driver
board contains circuitry which provides
the DUT's with power, reset and clock
signals. Several IAD lines are present to
communicate with the DUT's. Addi-
tional circuitry enables the driver to
determine the DUT board identification
code. Ill is information is used by the
driver board to configure its IAD circuitry
to properly communicate with the DUT
board. The LED's and printer interface
sections of the driver board are used to
TABLE 2 DOT BOARD IDENTIFICATION CODE.
46
68 Mcro Journal
c
STAKT
J
INCTIALIZE
I/O & RAM
WAIT FOR
DRIVER
TO POLL
DUT
AFTER DRIVER
ACKNOWLEDGES
DUT. GET OFF
BUS TO ALLOW
POLLING OF NEXr
DUT
inteiface wilh the user. Although a
printer is not connected to the driver
board during production W/E cycling, a
push button switch contained in the
printer interface is used to initiate W/E
cycling. The printer is used extensively,
however, in engineering evaluations as a
data collection device.
System Operation and Software
The software program which runs the
W/E cycle system consists of two parts:
1) M6801 driver board code and 2)
M68HC11 DUT board code. Since the
M68HC1 1 code is upwardly compatible
wilh M6801 code, the two programs were
combined into one larger program, which
is assembled using an M68HC11
ciossassembler. Care must be taken to
assure that no M68HCI 1 specilic
opcodes are included in the M6801
portion of code, since the MC68701
MCU will view the opcodes as illegal
instructions.
Once assembled, the software to
operate both the driver and DUT boards
is programmed into the driver board's
MC68701 MCU. As mentioned previ-
ously, the DUT MC68HC1 l's operate in
the bootstrap mode which enables them
to use their SCI to read a program into
on-chip RAM and execute the program.
This special feature of the MC68HCI1
bootstrap mode allows the driver board to
download the MC68HC1 1 poilion of the
code to all the DUT's simultaneously.
Programs downloaded to the DUT's are
limited in size to 256 bytes in order to
completely lit in the RAM area of all the
MC68HC1 l's. Programs are serially
downloaded from the driver board via the
MC68701 MCU's SCI to the DUT board
at a rate of 4800 baud.
Once the M68HC1 l's are loaded onto
the DUT board and both the driver and
DUT boards are placed in their respective
positions about the high lempeiature
oven, the system is ready for use. The
driver board controls the W/E cycle stress
of the MC68HC1 1 "s in the manner
outlined in Figure 4. After initializing
itself upon power up, the driver board
FIGURES 'gCHECK PROGRAM FLOWCHART.
68 Mcto Journal
January '89
49
STRESS SELECT
TRANSISTORS
DETERMINE
DEVICE
TYTE
srARr ADDR
OF EE • SFEOO
END ADDR OF
EE-SFFFF
STAR* ADDR OK
EE-»B600
END ADDR OF
KK. *im>-
T"
START ADDR OF
EE - tKHOO
END ADDR OF
'
'
■
r
CYCLE
STRESS
>
ERASE
EEPROM
BYTE
"
GOTO
GOTO
FIRST
PROGRAM
NEXT
EEPROM HVn ;
€HWM
BYTE
BYTE TO 00
I
\
■
t
Sr.NTiu£\
f PRO
\ A E
r.HAMMPy
4ASED /
X ONCE? /
y^oo \
NO / W/KCYUiX
J
DONE 7 N
DATA
*Sf
RETENTION
TEST
READ EEPROM
BYTE
GOTO
FIRST UYTE
i
»
GOTONEXI
liYTK
YES
/ ALL \
/ BYTES \
i
i
FIGURE 6 'STRESS' PROGRAM FLOWCHART
50
January '89
68 Micro Journal
reads (he DUT idcniif icaiion code to de-
termine the type of DUT board in use.
Recall, the driver board uses this infor-
mation to properly configure buffets in
order to communicate with the DUT
board. If an invalid code is read, which
would be the case if the boards were not
properly connected, an ciror code would
be displayed on the LED's.
Once properly configured for commu-
nication, the driver board downloads the
QCHECK' MC68HC11 program to the
DUT's. This program, outlined if Figure
5, is used to perform a quick socket check
of the DUT's to assure that all the
MCU'sarc ptopcrly seated within ihcir
sockets.
To perform a socket check, the driver
board polls each DUT individually, and
wails for the unit to respond. To poll a
particular MC68HC 1 1, the driver board
tiansmitsa data byte which concsponds
to the socket number of the DUT. All of
the DUT's simultaneously receive the
daia byte and compare it to the value
hardwired to port E of ihcir individual
socket. When the data byte received
matches the port E value, the MCU
responds. After the proper handshake
signals arc exchanged, the MC68HC1 1
clears the signals applied to the IAD bus
enabling the driver board to poll the next
device.
After polling all of the devices, the
driver board displays the socket
numbcr(s) of the DUT('s) which did not
respond. This allows the user to power
down the system and rcinscit any device
which is not correctly positioned. If all
the DUT's respond, the display will flash
00. The driver board will continue to
display the socket numbers which did not
respond until the user presses a button on
the driver board to initiate W/E cycling.
Before cycling is initialed, however, the
oven in which the DUT boards are placed
is heated to 125 C.
Once the appioprialc button is
pressed, the driver board writes a con-
tinuous 00 to the LED's to indicate that
W/E cycling was initiated. A second
program, 'S1KESS', outlined in Figure 6,
is then downloaded to the DUT's. From
this point on the driver board docs not
communicate with the MC68HCI l's but
solely provides ihcm with power and
clock signals. Additionally, all inputs
from the user interface arc ignored.
Thus, W/E cycling can only be aborted
by resetting the system.
Each DUT individually receives the
'STRESS' program and pctforms W/E
cycling on its on chip EEPROM. After
initialization, the 'STRESS' software
performs a one hour bulk erase of the
entire EEPROM array. The bulk erase
stresses the select tiansistors which arc
activated to access individual EEPROM
bytes.
The 'STRESS' program was written to
■un on all current MC68HC1 l's, each
with various EEPROM sizes and address
locations as cited earlier (Table 1). Thus,
once the one hour bulk erase is com-
pleted, the DUT must determine the size
and location of its EEPROM. This is
achieved by examining a location in boot
ROM or the CONFIG register. On the
newer MC68HCI I devices (E2, E9 and
Fl) boot ROM location SBFD4 contains
data which identifies the particular device
type. For example, an MC68HCI 1E9
device contains 'E9'. From this byte, the
start and stop locations of EEPROM can
be determined for these devices. The
MC68HC 1 1 A8 and MC68HC8 11 A2, on
the olhcrhand, do not contain this boot
ROM data byte. Thus, the CONFIG
register is used to distinguish between
these two devices. If the upper nibble of
the CONFIG register is 0, then the device
is an MC68HCI1A8. A value other than
zero indicates that the device is an
MC68HC811A2.
Once the device type is determined,
500 W/E cycles arc performed on each
EEPROM byte in order to screen units
which contain weak EEPROM floating
gate cells. Once 500 W/E cycles arc
completed, a data retention test is per-
formed. The data retention test takes the
form of continuously reading each
EEPROM byte in succession until the
system is powered down. Upon comple-
tion of W/E cycling the EEPROM of
each device should be fully programmed
to 00.
Once W/E cycling is completed, the
oven is cooled down and the DUT
MC68HCI l's are removed from the
boards. The units then receive a full test
on a high speed tester. During the post
W/E cycle test, units which do not
initially contain 00 in their entire
EEPROM arc binned out as bad devices.
Conclusions
The two board W/E cycle system is a
cost effective efficient tool to screen
MC68HC1 1 MCU EEPROM devices
which may fail prematurely in an end
user's system. This versatile system is
used to stress live different MC68HC1 1
devices with one single software pro-
gram.
As mentioned earlier, the W/E cycle
system can also be used for engineering
evaluations by altering the software
programmed into the driver board
MC68701 MCU and downloaded to the
DUT's. Software changes enable the
driver to collect data from the DUT's,
and to print data via its user interface.
Additionally, the W/E system can be
programmed to act as a gang programmer
for MC68HCI 1 devices. Thus, up to 50
MCU'scan be programmed simultane-
ously with one driver board and DUT
board.
FOR THOSE WH
•IN I El) TO KNOW
68 MICRO
JOURNAL 1
66 Moro .Journal
January '89
51
AA MOTOROLA IMC.
Bit-Bucket
By: Alt of us
'OMnfett ft£u**y Txrmt %"***/ ". DMW TO
ALTOS ANNOUNCES MULTIUSER SYSTEM
BASKDON MOTOROLA'S 6
Shmu/I>avfi
Cunningham ContrnunHaaon Inc
(408] 982 IM0O
LisaHadiey
Mitn^unvT Products Oowp
(512)440-3095
Seventh Company in I-am Month m Announce 030- Sued Computa
LAS VEGAS. Nev . Nov H. 1988— Motorola** M icrxsprca* ssor ProducH Group
(Austin. Texai) today announced thai Alto* Computer Systems (Sin Jose. Calif.) wiJl
iWT*jK*»ieMutoroU*»u>^of-ih*-Kfte 69030 4030) processor in in higher pa farmance
multiuser system. The new computer, ihe Allot 6h*X Sene»030. is configured louse iwo
25 MHx 034) chips ami supports 250 users The announce mem was made ai Comdex, i
computer industry trade show
TT»f]30'scompatrbilily with ill proccum in Motorola's 6WXX1 family allows for
ea»ymi«7»n«iof lufiwarr from Altos' 6M>20- based products lo its new 030- based
multiuser lysirm Currently the 030 powers more than 50 syaiems. iiicludi ng pcnonaJ
cmvTUicn and wort nations from Apple Computer. Hewleit Packard. NeXT and Sony
Mscmsysacm These »|rnnro add *o Moviola's SlOObillron insulted base of hardware
and S3 btllion base of 32 b*t software, the world's large*
NfcVi MtMMM SWIMS aiHjPT MoToKol J|-SMo,*o
Fu|ii %u. Sharp and Sunnwnw Elena o £ tpand frwifato «f 030 Users
AUSTIN, Trias. Oct 19. 198B- Mcamilat Manr*^*^* rWucn Group toca;
anrcnaarad thai throe major Japanev imajauiei wiB cflcorpnraa; its 68030 <030) andopRxetw* at
(he c«enl picctrtc* tn ayueras thai air toWuJod for shipment by the year't end Fnptut
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oest genericm tnlimwr^pinen on the 030 Shvp 'Osaka) and Sumitomo- Dcnko (Tokyo) till
0c4*uv«ihr 32-hipnxetswinhijh endworktuocm
Fujitsu's 030-batad AW and A ■•> are ihe U«»i in ihe ooRajnn>'s A- tenet of rasuvomptocr*
» be hated on Moatnaj't 68001* family Sharp sJX-4 Model 2 and Sunutrw Dcoko'i
USuuicav**), both uuna the 030, are topHrf-ihe lute engineer-oil workstaiimii ihn perform
advanced CAD/CAM oprmUeu The workuatkKxs add so Sharp and SuiiutoenotDenao'scurrem
6*000 bated produci lints
TheDJO'icom&aabUlLy wnh procesaor* in dw 68000 tine provides an easy upgrade path for
osorethan 400 compan>es using its pnasnceastr , die 60020 CWntndy. nsar than SOCwnpaniei
oat the 030 lo power ihear systems. Sony K ajtayiaaa . the leading manufacturer of worksiaaact*
M)SV IVfROfH (IS MtRFt WORKSTATION I l\FS
HANK1MIN MOTOROLA'S 6S030
AUSTIN Te»» OtJ Jl, [MUS *4«wceVi M«rnr«rre\]<w Prttftorn Group Khfay
I thai Sony Mitniiyunm. ihe katuni numdaLrumr of worVuattont «• iapan will
esnwpuraat Mm»at4»'s 6*0)0 10VJ) processor and bM*2 IKS2) rksuxng pram m»rn mpreaxncras
three workstation bacs 5oay pm* ■ hou of *cndm aaclwiing Apptr OanpjaD , NcJCT and
F^iaia dm hai»e teemuy aaauficed, syuems ba u ed on the ujcmj# ihe bne Wmaria protcsn*
Sony '» three wwtuauon lines, ihe NEWS 1«Wl 1800 tnl 1 900 Senex uk *W \HUd3fl
astheceiarai («*nu*| eqa>re and a 2 J Mil* 882ftw •dv*nctd autey^oprtiam. The I7<D
•ysasra sn ua r pma tt a sinale n Wl pnKrtu.* &nd are tanj^o) ai «ora«asrr oferi desifn quit*. TV
NEWS I80D Vnrs increaics it* om pafivRanKe by tncludina a weond 030 i» an input ^output
proressor The hi|h<nil NILWS 1900 wurkoalKm also uses a tcrxsMOUlfaterapaHcs
neiworkmi and VMB bus support. These Sony worhstatKms o>u«de a brt«d spcatvmof
can pciformaswc soluiumi far a tanfe of nurkest intlLMlinf tncincrnn j. software 4c\X (opn>eni
and nrtwprt tcrvt? applications
"Ouf 68DQTJ family has always provides* a ptrwuS path for ctwrqanKt" aid Murray A
CoMman, senior vsce prcsldcni and tetiail manager of Motorola's Miuutau-essor Picducti
Croup (Austin. Texas) "Ow future 68040 will sgnificandy inco« the perform*™* of
systems whik maintaining cot ttpaobitiiy with current 6eXXa>tauod machines *
17c new Alios 6SX Series 030 runs aSe Alios Pick operaone sysiern and is available
in iruTeconfifur;ioonsfan|in|in pnee frotn $25,000 lo $45,000. All three cortfipiranons
of the system will ship in Ihe first quarter of 1989.
Founded in 1977. Alios desiani, manufactures and nurttet* 16- and 3?-bii nriwoikcd
mulduscr solutions for dismbuuan m 70 coumnes More than I0K .000 Alios sys 1 cms have
been installed worldwide
Motorola 's S2 7 Wilton Sxrmamdoctor Products Sector (Khociux. Anz ), whsch
incltMlei tr« Mtcirn^cc:ess<» r>oducht Group (Austin. Texas), is a pwt of Motorola Inc li
is ihe Urxcsi and broadest suppler of ar^rnironductn ui North America, with a balanced
pufTf*oi to ofovtt 50.000 devices
.Hr-Vas Packard and NeXT. Inc aba offer
ui Japan. idEOfporaaEs che 030 aa to hifh-end «
Saaea. W^halaaa ApoOo Corapwrsj . App* Ca
lyaam baaed on the 0X1
The •onaaiey of fht 030 aOowi Ulobeuaed ta a «snrry of c
exnajanen to aieJVecal «nw\uaacau and waaJU*ia«arrv. ' said Morrey a fWdmaa . semot »ict
nrcsainm tad general maaaeci of Mosonrfj't MoopruEcsaw Producn Oroop (AvtacTeiai)
"TV powci of the 030 o«unled with usance andiassBUcKl sormarc rjue eonanue w male « the
etaacr of niafo> »ysrem l ompan wt "
The 030 it a hiahly imrr*Kd «■£«•*«* »°r *>* aTl uvd^ pavalkJ (tlarvard-siylcldual
but arc hi asctunr. rnerrewy ovsnatenxre una. and separate 25o>bytedaiaaodins<naTafa)cachriona
single chip All pnxessors is the 68000 family mt hdly cunoaDbk with one anotho, alio win| for
easy mipvaon of software Currently. Ni<asxQla'>rV000riunly has a Si OObtUwet/iiullad bate
of hardM^re and a U btllion 32-bii soft* an bate, the world's larecst
Moorola's S2.2 bUlton SerTacooducior Products Sector ffbrania, Anz.1. whKh include ihe
Ml t T pprn t ssor Preeiue^ Group ( Autdn. Texas), is a part of Motorola, inc The company rt iV
largai and bcurfim tupplm of serrancrJurior* in North Ajwriea. wnh • bmla^ed ponf oho of
more than 50 XJOOdesxes
"Suny tsclca/ly a inhrx4ug> Scadri jnd wearepnuid UIjiin* r*irai|, I iM*Kh4i.>«tftiHjK l l
to ii» uxvrfct tasd Muf ny A CkiUman. tenav vice preMdmi ami fraeraJ mjtjfct .n \1*<iO •
\lH.rocaucrtsdr PnjdWuCinMayr Ainiia,Tc«A«» 'OiaNUaNKumlv *iH mfitnin: *»iSfL*mhr
ectfivniame needAl h» lea>SrrUup m the «vrtaanuB muin "
Vtuaornla »AaJUK«rt*dy^wi«u*t4thcr*«saS.fthTll0.pAr)M*«»dfr«lWi All «n#n».<
iht lamd y are umpalible * dh ivtr ar*aher . alk**ing hw c**y vdiwarr ntteratkvi Ihwi Sort* ■
r>htl5Vtjs«edpn^ucJ« id the new UVi tutot nrtrtWjnrth Currettdy oV^Jaalii^mly lu%
rstahinhcd a SKRIbtllion uiuillrd hatr itf 'urowan: and a 5s nllsan «su)lrd hav i4 1? hn
Mi<i«are,the wtvld * lareeu
Sony \ltcnnysKirti Company . heath) aanerrd m Palo Alio. Cahf is a wboOy i*»nrd
nervsny o* Sony Corporal too oT Amenta, itself a dlvtstonof the SI I 4 bttlioa Sony o«puntttret
Tokyo- Sony MteroiyMem* nwkct\ tutelar ihe ancwnpwirr uhniry rutn)w?rcand««i'iwaff m
the Vmietl Staar*
MoanvU 1 52 2 Ntltoti Serroconduruv PtnducK Sector iPtxcms. Anr 1. which incluoVvthr
MH.-rnprrsTSMw Ptcaiacts Group (Austin, Trtatl.u a pari of NlnuwoJa Int.- Il it ihe Loieed ^nd
rtfoadevi supplier of semiconductors in North Amcncj. »tth a KoLinccd nortfoln of over 5(>.isa>
dev*ce»
52
January '89
66 Micro Journal
CERTIFIED SOFTWARE CORPORATION
P,0 BOX 70. HANDCXPH, VT 0S06OUSA TELEPHONE: 802-728-4062 FAX: 802-728-4126
CERTIFIED SOFTWARE ANNOUNCES BBS FOR
OMEGASOFT PASCAL ON 68000 SYSTEMS
RANDOLPH, Vermont, October 19, 19SB ■ Certified Software today
announced the Installation ol a Bulletin Board System to be used lor
customer support ol the following products :
P20K - 66000 series Pascal for OS9 and PDOS hosts.
PXK9 - 6809 Cross Pascal for 66000 host running OS9.
PCSK - 68000 Pascal lor Atari ST host.
The BBS allows users to cell in using a modem at 2400 (V.22 bis).
1200 (V.22), or 300 (Bell 103} baud. The terminal program (supplied by
Certilied Software) allows error free communications with the BBS to
facilitate downloading and uploading of programs reliably.
Access Is on a subscription basis, with charges based on usage and
a monthly account maintenance fee of $3. The minimum amount to open
an account is $80, It Is estimated that this would last the average user a
year or more. Users apply for an account by logging into the system the
first time and sending payment information to the BBS sysop (CSC).
The system is designed primarily to supply users with the latest
Information on OmegaSoft Pascal Including patchs and work-arounds to
known problems. There will also be tree soltware available on the
system, and users may exchange software they have written, and even
purchase soltware from other users (S50 maximum per sale) by having
money from their account transferred to the seller's account by the
sysop.
The terminal program required to access the system will be
included In future updates of existing products or may be obtained from
your distributor. Copies may be purchased directly from Certified
Software at the above add ess tor $10 with your prepaid subscription of
$80 or more. Subscriptions may be charged to your credit card (VISA
and Mastercard), credit card customers receive a 5% bonus.
OmegaSotl Pascal
For lurlhar Informaiiofl. contact:
MOTOROLA INC.
Angela HalflaU, Press Relatlonn. 602) 994 6900
Dev Chsjiraveity. Technical Mandating. (602) 821 4424
PCPI INC.
Sleven J. Leon. TechnopoKS Communicallons. 1213) 670 5606
Erie W. Gatr. Diraclor ol MalfceUng, (619) 485-8411
MOTOROLA. PCPI™ INTRODUCE NEW
GENERATION OF LASER PRINTER CHIPS
Laa Vagaa. November 14, 1888 . . . Motorola Semiconductor
Product! Sector and Peraonal Computer Producla inc. {NASDAQ
eymbot PCPI) today introduced the Ural ol • new generation ol
application. apeelllc integrand circuits (ASIC*) thai lowere the
coal and improvee the performance of laaer printer controller.
(M) MOTOROLA INC.
Semiconductor Products Sector
The jointly developed ALPC1 chip lor laser-printer controllers represents the first
commercially available application lor Motorola's high, density CMOS array (HDC Series)
lamily of one micron triple layer meial semi-custom circuits, introduced «t November 1987.
The ALPC1 (Advanced Laser Printer Controller) chip incorporates ana of lie mosl advanced
silicon lecflnologies available to provide sub- nanosecond speed combined w.lh emremely small
chip dimension*, Features ol Motorola's HOC Series include denwttos up to 105.000 galas in e
channeiiess sae-ol-ceiis aichHeciura thai provides over 7S percent typical utilization A one
mcron drawn-gate-length CMOS process heving triple-layer molal routing and power
distribution results in atO picosecond typical gate delays and very small die size (226 mils
square for 16K gales.) The circuits are packaged In economical PLCC and line pitch OFP
surface mounl oonllguralions and PGAs for through board applications
The LPCt and ALPCt gale array circuits are Ihe keystones ot en Integrated array ol producis
and services for manufacturers of printer engines, vendors ol laser printers and systems
integrators.* saM Eric Grter. director of marketing lor PCPI
•PCPI s OEM customers may now purchase or license al the element:! needed to build and marital
eny advanced laser primer product solution chips. ihe custom development of software and
Hardware, turnkey controller designs, complete printer systems, emulelions. an extensive lont
■onto;, and ImageScrlpt*-'. PCPfs emulation of PostScript.
LJ. Reed, vice president end general manager ol Moloiola's Application Specific Integrated
Circuits Division, said 'high utilization In o one-micron channatiess array provisos a
combination ot performenee end economy ideally suited to building application specific
controller circuits/
in ocWukxi k) providing siwon letcAnoiorjy matched to lha laser printer market, need sek* "Ihe
Motorola PCPI chips austral* Ihe use ol spectaktM Horary cells to speed trie design phase ot
creating customized print-engine conlioilers.'
in e related announcement. PCPI introduced two printer controllers that incorporate the LPC1
am) ALPC1 Chips.
The chips mold PCPi's e*penjta in systems end software design with Molorola's Mo micron
double layer metal end advanced one micion triple layer metal CMOS (Complimenlary Metal
Chide Semiconductor) semi custom circuit tecrinokxjy
The two companies annourtcod m iaie August 1 9*8 an agreement to jointly detitgn. manufacture
and market a new generation ol ASIC chips 'met promises developers Ihe vehicle to provde
users with lass eipensive primers that feature greater teat and graphics capabilities,* said
Gear
Both Ihe LPCt and ALPCt combine Inlo e single Inlegraled circuit a variety of printer
operations lhal previously required several dues, This slmpfilies controller design and
customization, enhances lunceonalily. improves perlormene*. lowers costs and trees board
space lor additional functions.
For esainpfa, Ihe LPCt Integreles Into a single chip Ihe Interlace wllh the central processing
unit, dynamic RAM control, and Ihe direct memory access video Interlace Additionally, the
ALPCt includes onboard hardware assist tor raster operations.
The Moforole-PCPi ASIC lamljy it designed lo enhance Ihe performance and lurtctbonaiily ol
systems based on Motorola's line ol MC680X0 microprocessors. Thay will support up to 40-
pege per minute printers end slenderd emulation ol tail and bitmapped graphics, and they
ere compatible wllh Ihe most commonly-used prtnler-engine interfaces.
in addition, the ALPC1 it designed lo provide 88000 bated printers with 68020 performance
at the tower cost ot liw Motorola 68000 chip.
Molorola's Application Spvotlc Inlegretad Circuits (ASIC) Division In Chandler, Arizona Is
de-Scaled to Ihe development and production ol semi custom and structured cuilom circuits
using gale array, ten-based end lunctionBIMoch techniques. The ASIC Division manufactures
and markets Integrated circufia woriovtda lor commercial end mflilary end-use martiels and
develops, acquires and maintains advanced computer-aided design software dedicated to the
development and design ol appBcsilon-tpeclfic devices.
located yi San Diego, PCPI Is a pioneer developer, manulacurer and marketer ol laser primers
end Intelligent, mlcfoprocatsor-basad board-level product* des-3ned for use wiih leading
mtc/ocomputars end worksuiions
68 Micro Journal
January '89
53
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54
January '89
68 Mcro Journal
Computer Systems Consultants, Inc.
1454 Latta Lane, Conyers. GA 30207
Telephone Number 404 483-4570/1717
CMODEM
PALM BEACH SOFTW
7080 HYPOLUXO FARMS RD.
LAKE WORTH, FL 33463
(407) 965-2657
ARE
CMODEM is a menu-driven telecommunications
program designed to facilitate the transmission of data
between microcomputer systems and terminals or bother
remote computer systems. It functions in several modes of
operation.
In the simplest mode of operation, it provides a
transparent dumb-teiminal method of communication. For
MS-DOS-compatible computers, it also provides a tvi-920
emulation.
It also supports the Ward Christiansen Tile transfer
protocol to facilitate the eiror-frce transfer of files between
systems both suppoiting this piotccol. The default error-
checking method used is checksum. CMODEM will
acknowlege CRC error checking and will switch if requested
by the other computer. This feature allows the use of
CMODEM with most available upload/download facilities.
For those systems that do not support a batch transfer
protocol, CMODEM supports an ASCII file collection/dump
mode for transfer of text flies. In this mode, and in dumb-
terminal mode, it supports an X-ON/X-OFF mode of
compiling the data transmission.
CMODEM will work at spaeds of 300 to 9600 Baud for
those systems with asynchronous communications support
devices. It is used regularly at 9600 Baud between adjacent
machines to transfer data between ihem.
The CMODEM program with printed manual is
available for a tetail price of $50 without source or $100 with
source.
68010 SUPER SLEUTH
A disassembler pet forms a function opposite to that of an
assembler. That is, it allows its user to process an object
program , for which no source program is readily available,
and to re-create the essentials of the original source piogram.
The resultant source program may then be studied,
commented, modified, reassembled, etc. A trivial
disassembly may be performed rather simply manually or
with the use of a computer by translating the successive
bytes of object code into the equivalent mnemonics for a
target processor. A really useful disassembly requires the
assignment of labels and the ability to determine whether
given bytes in the program represent data, addresses,
garbage, or instructions. Since a computer can assign labels
but cannot classify program contents, disassembly must be
interactive to be meaningful.
SUPER SLEUTH is a collection of programs which
enables die user to interactively examine Motorola S-format
program files on disk. 68010 programs may be disassembled
into source code format and the source saved on disk.
Programs in other binary formats may be placed into
Motorola S-format with utility piograms provided with
SUPER SLEUTH. Labels produced by SUPER SLEUTH
can be changed globally to labels of your own preference.
Cross reference listings of labels can be produced to aid in
debugging or modifying the program .
SUPER SLEUTH, with printed manuals, is available in
object-only form for a retail price of $100, or with source
for $200.
ii it itiii on
CONGRATULATIONS on the purchase of yoiir PT-froKJ. I have bee* selling
■id ullt$ Peripheral Technology product t (or (he past 6 years ami my ojakxnen and
( are very happy with ihelr product*, lervlce and support. Since 1978 I have been
developing buslneia oriented program* lor (J« Motorola 6600 A 6909 and 1 am no*
Cori Vb ft Idg them lo the £4000. The folluwltaj produ,C(i art! available from Palm
Beach Software.
EDDI a screen edtor aitd formatter, lw.00
EDOI ha* £2 key eotnttuind* to completely manage the lett and acreen dlapley,
and 22 formal tiraj command* to control the printed output. It ta alio convenient for
uk ai a program editor awpparting line number a. tab stop a and wtcro keys. A
■pelling helper, lynonym finder and oiH*r DOS utlhlte* are available without etlllng
EDDI, T*o bank* of memory are supported ao rhai you can edit two (Ilea and move
data back, and forth. |)OCUMAK£R la boiler plate document creator) and MERGER
(peraonal)ied name, text and addreai Insertion) all] be available In late 19W.
SPELLS a 160,000 word apelints cteci-er. 150.00
SPRLLB fcsi been around In the C409 veralun for 6 yvmt*.
version 1.0 and I have onlly fued two mlupe|||ruji.
ASMK a native code eatembler. $25.00
ASMK It a bare Bonet, native rode, WO00 assembler, il duet not have mjcfot
or condlllonil atiembly and you fliuat have enough tnemory to told the complete
aooree and object coot. The ij«ai la almllar to other 6800 and GB09 easemblera
which were common lo the SS-50 world,. It la very faat.
SUBCAT a aub-dlrectory manager. $25.00
SUBCAT la a program that will allow multiple directories setup In a tree
•ttucture on a disk. The dltk directory Is not altered and It itlll the primary icurce
of Information about each file, fcech entry hat a X byte meaaege area where you
can keep a doacrlplkjn of (he file and lit content!. A long block of revert* vide* fa
Moved to lelcci an e r» ry and now you can execute the following operation* on Che
teleaed file, Aatcmble, copy, delete, edit, get or eaecute, help, kill, Inilalt. load,
enter mei)i|«, rename and view. Other operation*; backup, *»*CWJ e DOS command,
ican, updiite, tap and e*tt can be done from any position. Two other command* are
uwr definable, In essence you can create a tree like catalog a true lute and then
manipulate Ihe file* In these catalog* a* en Independent directory.
KRACKER a dUeaScfffbler program, 425.00
KRACKER will allow you to sceo through a program to create a memory map
of cod*, tout, tablei, etc. When the mentory map It competed you can create a
lource code file to dltk. printer, or terminal,
LOGIC a achematlc drawing prog, graphic acroeo onJy) (75.00
MOZART a music editor (require! Bpeclet cardl $25,00
TV following program Ii underdevelopment and la expected to be released In
the third Quarter of I3W.
PARASOL a com pine Integrated buitncta tyitem.
PARASOL la a alternate tailing, memory management, menu driven, umbrella
ur thell program for the PT-68K2. The main nvrvj can be reentered from any
program, where you may aelecl another tut. Thla intk mi) alio reenter Che main
menu and i elect again. When you ezh a taik you will be returned to the prevloui lass
at Ihe exact point where you left with all pointer*, flng* and tcreeni restored. At
Che pretent time Che following program* and de»V accxtsorlea are either working or
under dcvelooernent. Multiuser version can be modeled in ihe fall of l&Aft.
APPOINTMfcNT Calendar
BILLS PAYAIlLf
COMMUNICATIONS PACKACL (Lmall. Modem Management, etc)
DIARY (Note P«4 data ba*e argeniied by name A IIW|
LfjllPMlM ll>ata bate of properly (depreciation, lose* A borrowtjl
FILE ROOM IMadin data bate organlird ai Cabinets (dlaki], |>ra»en (directorial),
Folders (tub -direct orlea), Oorumeni* (fltesJ. After a oacument hat been
■elected you will then have the opt km to edk. view, rename, copy. tend, delete.
attemble, etc.
GENERAL LEDGER Invmplete double entry accounting package]
HOUSEKEEPING (dally journal A P°»lli« to all account!
INVOICE GENERATOR Icreute Invoice* and delivery ttckeia)
JOB JAR (dais ba«e of thing* | do)
COST ACCOUNTING (Integrated with bill* received 4 payroll]
TIME LOG A MANAGEMENT (professional iltue monitor lor billing)
FILE MAINTENANCE Iwhere all beo-boot are corrected)
NAMt A ADDRESSES (main data bote *i m«it other files are referenced to the
personal (0*.
PURCHASE OHDf-RS (data Use of order* placed)
PAYROLL UOOO employees, cherka. montMiy. quarterly, yearly report* and W2'»)
EMERGENCY EXIT tmetu of ihutduwn procedures!
RECEIVED ON ACCOUNT (Integrated with invoice generator to keep record ol
charge* and payments., statement *, pan due report!
SPRfcAD SHrfTT
TEI.LPHONF A OlAl.t.R Idlal telephone and keep record of time & ch«rg**)
UTILITY ROUTINES
INVENTORY (manage the Inventory Integrated »ttb Invoice generator)
EXPENSE ACCOUNTING Hog A manage expense account*}
Palm Reach Software prograeit are written In atsembly language for apeed
and efficient utc of ram and dltk memory. They are not copy protected and the
aource code I* made available for the module* thai are uaer defined. (Printer
driver a, Terminal driven, Mbdavn driver* aitd Key tolectkm table*) A a man
terminal la required for our bualneat coftware. I recommend the TetftvfdX> 90S, but
the Wyte WY-50 la alto a good choice, A amart tormloel emulator program hat been
written for the monographic* card and AT nyle keyboard. However; If you plan tn
the future to utc the butlnen program*, either alngle or mulduier. a intart
terminal should be uted. Pleaae Include a dlacrlptlon of your *yitem with a*c* order.
Software will be distributed on S 1/4" disks. Single Sided, PeuHe Oenaky, and 96
TPI unleat a tpecial r«)uni la made.
ii.ii't>> **■■• ■'"«.,
Den Parnaworth
€8 Micro .(oumaJ
January '89
55
GESPAC Inc.
SO Waal Hoovar Ava.
Hasa, Arlxona 8*210
Tal. (602) 962.5SS9
Fax. (602) 962-S7S0
Headar Contact: Don Bizlos
Editorial Contact: Cosma Pabouctsldf*
DO NOT RELEASE UNTIL 12/15/88
6026S O-M BOARDS SET KELPS BUILD ROG6ID
IBM PC AT COKPATIBlt SYSTEM
Kaaa, AX, loviihir 1, 191S--CBSPAC baa ralaaaad •
board aat lnplaiinting tba lotil (0286 If-blt
procaaao*, aGA grapblca, mod dl.k coatrallti that ia
eoapatibla with tha IBM AT ruoolDg at 10 HB*. Tba
tbraa boarda ara aaeb built uodar tba aiogla balgbt
Zuroeard form factor, uaa tba rallabla PIN 41612-C
eooDactor. aod ara daalgoad to oporata oo tba G-64
bui. Tba nDio.ua aacbanical cbaraetariatiea and bua
astanaioo capability of tba board aat aakaa it idoal
for uaa Id applications wbara a barab or vihratlog
aoviroaiaaot would prohibit tba uaa of a raaular offica
PC Or eoapatibla.
o
Commodore NEWS
For further Information
contact Valerie Bellofatto or
Lor. cross at Fleishman-Hi 1 lard
(213) 629-4974
COMMODORE INTRODUCES AXIC
' WITH 68020
Amiga 2500 faaturaa doublad proceeeor epeed, matb-co-processor
and 2 M8 of 3?-blt RAM for workstation-level applications
IAS VECAS. November 14, 1966 -- Commodore Buslnaas
Machines, Inc. today introducad tha Amiga 2500 daalgnad for tha
naads of graphics, animation and video profasslonaLa . Baeed on
the original Amiga 2000 introducad a yaar ago, tha Amiga 2500 is
configured with an A2620/2 co-processor card that comes standard
with tha Motorola^ 6B020 processor, 2 MB of 32-blt RAM
(expandable to 4 MB) and a 66661 math-co-processor. These
high-performance features enable the new Amiga ayatem to perform
at tha workstation-level speeda required by many of the new
second generation graphics-based Amiga applications.
Tba firat of tba board* ia a bigbly integrated
industrial implementation of Intel's bigb performance
3 028 6 16-bit microprocessor. Tbe microprocessor baa
512=: of fast access oo-bosrd dynamic memory aod
■ ocket ■ for tb« SPRCM 020-3. For matb inteneive
operations. an 60267 arithmetic coproce aeor oso be
added . In addition, tbe board ioeludaa two RS -2 3 2
aerial porta, tbrae timers , a battmry bmcked-Vp clock
aod calender. as well as a powerful interrupt
coot ro 1 ler .
Tbe eecond member of tbe e yet em la en Enhanced
Gtrepbies Adapter (EGA) tbet feeturee an integral AT
keyboard interface. Tbia bringa PC compat ibXe> color
grapblca to tbe indu atrial environment. Tbe tblrd
• «abf r of tbe ayatma ia a bard diak cootrol ler to be
used under tbe ST-S06 interfeee under tbe 0-64 hue ,
giving tbe ueer tbe option of uaiog a vset number of
bard disks, aa well aa capacitlee at a low coat.
All tbree boerde commuolcete tb rough a etendard G- 64
bue backpleoe. Tbe 0-64 bue ie s 16/32- bit opeo bus
architecture, featuring the eingle height Kurocerd
board fonit (4" by 6.25"), tbst ie widely used in
iodustrlsl and imbedded eystmms application. Tbe bue
interface a 1 Iowa tbe board sat to bm expanded with any
of ovtr 150 I/O. data acquisition or controller
modules available for tbe bue .
The board aet has been d«man jt ratmd to run mil th«
aoet popular prog rase written for the IBM PC AT.
"The Amiga 2500 is a natural progression of the Amiga
technology," said Joel Shueterman, Commodore vice president of
marketing. "The Amiga 2500 has no equal in its price/performance
class and offers all of tha original design benefits of the
Amiga 2000 as an expandable, sultl-tasklng, multi-processing,
multi-operating system machine."
The advanced graphics capability of the Amiga aeries ia
ideally suited to color desktop publishing and presentation, 3-D
solid medal ing and professional video appli cations, with the
additional speed of the Amiga 2500. color rendering time of 3-D
graphics and re-calculation time for modifying full-color desktop
publishing pages can be reduced substantially. Performance
increases can be up to 400 percent.
Standard on tha Conmodora Amiga 2500 is a Motorola 68020-
based co-processor card (A2620/2) running at 14.26 Mhz with 2 rte
of 32-bit RAM, (expandable to 4 MB of 32-bit RAM): a built-in
3.5-inch floppy disk drive; a pre-conf igured, high-performance
40 MB hard disk drive and hard disk controller; custom sound,
animation and graphics chips* RS232 aerial and parallel
connectors; and two RCA-type audio output jacks. Also available
is an MS-DOS^ compat ibla Bridgeboard allowing the Commodore Amiga
to run MS-DOS compatible software under Amiga control.
Tha opan architecture of the Commodore Amiga allows
extensive internal expansion with multl -processor, multi-DOS
options. Contained in the Amiga 2500 ara seven full-eize
internal expansion slots which include a combination of Amiga,
standard PC XT/AT and dual purpose slots: s CPU expansion slot
and a video expansion elot.
56
January '89
68 Micro Journal
rtfta
Product Mews
5rV**E k Djvi
2AV 1 Winchnlrr Blvd. Campbell. CA *
M urry Shohat («*J V4 74M
Contacts;
FORCE USA: Wayne «**« (•OBJ 704XO
FORCE GmbH. Arton Nauuh (HP) 600-91 U
Extraordinary 68030-based Single-Board Computer Offers
Large Number of Functions at Low Piice
G>st/P*rformance Btxakthrwgh with Options on
Spied, Memory, SCSI Floppy and Ethernet
CAMPBEU. CA, Oelofctf i». 1*» — A new high-rrwl wtno, based single board rmnpulrr Intro-
duced today bring* oosl-effkknl moduUrtty to high performance 32- bit applications. The CFU-37
Offer* awn runrtrotuiity than most single -board VMFhus-bajed computers- The boaid off**? *
range of option* on CPU sprrd, onboard fDeuiary and floppy, SCSI and Ethernet control When
hiDy configured, thi* single-board computer replaces solubom tkat use up to Inn boards FORCE
ha* priced the CPU- 5? beiow any cnmparabte *1/W>e Of tnulbboacd crWering.
The CPU-37 also offer* An ASIC solution to VMEbus interface and control "Usiivg our advanced
VME/PLUS" architecture, we married Wf/i -denary application -speofic gale array fredvnoiogy
wrth precision ftytn-inrun I board manuiarturwig,* said Wayne Fb«h«r, Direoorol Marketing
'We're abte to offer more rurwrjona in a single board computer for (raa dollar*, thank* to
VME/PLUS. IV CPU37 will serve the low-to-middir reaches of ihe demanding |tf|Ji-pcrfornuruT
market ■qp wm i. Customers on select CPU ■peed* of either 1 6 7 or 25 MHa, onboard DRAM ol
either 1 or (Mbytes, and say yes Of no to Ethernet'
Standard Features Win Attiacl Mad-Kanaje, Embrace HlR)i End Applications
TV moat basic CPU-37 is priced as low ai 13,990 but offer* features auociatrd wiiS
boards nwtins; hundreds more. A fUDy ccnt^urd CPU-3? t» priced al SSJM and include* afl
Futures described below. "Ws'rr bound to attract applications thai up until now have been
too eost-anuJdve to move to a UOOO-Oaxd CPU.' said Fbchef "And. high-end buyers wtfj
sec ihe CPU-37 as a prki- performance breakthrough "
The CPU 37" » ranges «f features (rvHudr
• 68090 microprocessor. 16.7 or 25 MHz operation; 2 E 2 PROM sockets
o 68882 fluting point tia^u-cuor, 16.7 or 25 MHz operation
• 1 or 4Mb}trs of DRAM, wait stairs al 16.7 MH*, 1 wall state al 25MHz
• Real time clock with an board battel y backup
3 serial port* for RS232/RS422 operation available via 9-pin fronl panel connec-
tor*. First 2 ports can provide syncfruvn ou> operation based on the 68562 dual
universal set is I communicattoj a controller chip; 3rd) port employs the 68901
multi-function peripheral chip.
1 Parallel I nterfa fa/Timer provides one 24-bit and four 8-bii limers
SCSI interlace [via MB67031 host adapter chip)
Floppy Disk Controller (SA46C) interface (via WD1772 controller chip)
Optional Ethernet transceiver interface (from panel access) with 64 Kbyle oVJ
catrd buffer based on the AMD 7990 LANCE chip
VME/PLUS a rchi lecture embodied in PCA-001, a 135-pin CMOS gale array
with 13 micron feature «'», The array consume* lea* lhan 120 rnJUiwjrK fea-
tures remarkably low gate delays (J.4 ruj and it capable of an internal toggle
frequency of 200 Mhz and externa! toggle frequency of 7D MHZ- Ttus array
provides VMEbus interface and control functions including DSAOC genera-
tion, bus error gettention. system reset, bus clock and all on. board control logic
A32/24/16, D32/24/)6/S VMEbus niufetfalive Interface
Slot 1 Control funcboiu (SV3CVOCX arbiter, etc.)
Software Include* Fret CVS Kernel, wide 3rd Party Compatibility
Enhancing the usefulness of the CPU-37 Is VMEPROM. a free rca|-0me operating *y»tem
ken mI iha t also tndudc* a monitor and debugerr It is in&uUrd on the board in EPROM*
ytciding operatfonaJ capaMhfy as soon as the CPU-37 b Installed on an active VcStpla ne
VMEPROM b based on PDOS, a popular tenting fy*iwm Cram EyrinS Research Inotiiuie
The CPU- J7 1> abo eompabbk wMh thud patty rtaMune aytlems and krmeb, indudtnfi
UNIX oimP*lib*e produds Current uurd party ports tndude OS-9(MkTOwanf), VRTXa2
(Ready Systrms). pSOS (Software Components Croup), VnWorks (Wind River Svsirms)
■ndUniFLEXfJSq,
Support lor EtherrKfs TOVJPpnjroctJb puouwd for iQW
Price A. ArallablUty
The CPU-37 has entered thr shipping plf-cfcm and is avauablr (or immeduik delivery
Equipped M-ilh a t6,7MHi6KnOand««IDrnjthmprt>fti*or, IMP of memory, floppy Jft4
SCSI controvert, the CPU-37X b prtrtd at S3.990 (1 9) A 2SMH2 vtnton with 4M8 ol
memory, lloppy. SCSI and Ethrrnti controllers to prfced at 15^90 The product b shipped
in a new *ORCE pacsiagr that rmpHuixr* stalk pictertton
About Force Computer!
The leading uuJepcTuurnt deslrnrr and manufacturer of VMEbus products. Force is
now in Its sixth year The company has rocnpkeied 23 iwoitubve cjuarten of profitable
opersnorL Force is headeua rtrred in Campbell, California wlih su*ddiaiiraln WotCer-
many, France and the Uruled Kingdom Sales, service and product support tre pjovided
on a worldwide bails
c
Classifieds gagga
No Guarantees
J
MUSTANG -020 16Mhz wiUi 68881. OS9 Professional Package & C $2500.
S+System with Cabinet, 20 Meg Hard Disk & 8" Disk Drive with DMAF3 Controller Board. 1X12 Terminal $2900.
HARD DISK 10 Megabyte Drive • Seagate Model #412 $275.
3-Dual 8" drive enclosure witli power supply. New in box. $125 each.
5-Siemens 8" Disk Drive, $100 each.
Tano Outpost n, 56K, 2 5" DSDD Drives. FLEX, MUMPS, $250.
QUME QVT-102 terminal, like new, amber screen $250. or best offer.
SVVTPC S/09 with Motorola 128K RAM, 1-MPS2, 1-Parallel Port, MP-09CPU Card- $490 complete.
Turn (61S) 842-4600 M-F 9AM to 5PM EST
***
Used Systems, Components A Software: 6809 GIMIX, ELEKTRA, 6800 GIMIX, SWTP A SSB, 5-1/4 DSDD Drives, Teimi-
nals. 300-9600 Cassette 1/F & Backup Software. TSC, CSC, ETC. FLEX 2/9 Software FOR GIMIX, ELEKTRA & SWTP,
OS9LI FOR ELEKTRA A HELIX. Credit Cards Accepted. Send SASE For List To George Ingram 26W482 NATIONAL ST.,
WHEAION, IL.,60188 or CALL 312-653-0360CST M-TH 7:3OPM-I0PM, S-S 7:30AM-10PM.
66 Mcro Journal
January '69
57
NEW!
OmegaSoft Pascal for the 68020/68881
P20K Is a Pascal package thai will generate code lor all ol the 68000
series processors, including the 68881 coprocessor P20K at run on any
68000 series computer running the OS- 9/68000 (Microware) or PDOS
(Eyring Research) operating systems »ith 512K or mere free memory
The base package (P20K-B) includes the Compiler. Relocatable Macro
Assembler. Linking Loader, Screen Ed I or. Pascal Shell. Linkage Creator.
Host Debugger. Configuration manager. Installation program, and Patch
utility A ne« feature in this compiler Is the ability to either (ink In the parts
ol the runtime needed by the program, or to use trap handlers lor runtime
access, to share the runtime library bet wean programs. Complete operating
system interface is also Included using pascal procedures and functions.
The host debugger allows debugging at both the Pascal and assembly
language levels of programs that run on the host operating system. Price
lor the base package Is $575.
The runtime source cede option (P20K-R) is available lor Jwo and includes
source code lor the operating system interface routines as well as pascal
runtime.
The Utility source option (P20K-S) Is available lor 1275 and Includes source
code tor the Screen Editor. Pascal Sliell. Host Debugger. Patch utility, and
Configuration manager
The Target debugger option (P20K-T) is $225 and Includes object and
source code This program allows Pascal level and assembly level
debugging In a system without operating system, by using a aerial link
connected to the host computer
Prices do not include shipping charges. Master-Card and Visa accepted.
OmegaSoft Is a registered trademark of Certified Software Corporation.
Gespac SA. 3. Chemin des Aula. CH1226,
Geneva/Plan-les-Ouate*. Switzerland
TEL 022-713400, TLX 429989
Elsoft AG. Zefgweg t2. CM- 5405 Baden-Dlll-l.
Switzerland. TEL 056-833377. TLX 828275
RCS Microsystems Ltd . 14! Uibridge Road.
Hampton HIM. Middlesex. England.
TEL 01-9792204. TLX 8951470
Byte Stud o Barken, Be tenwalt 14, D 4280 Borken.
West Germany
TEL 0286t. 2147. TLX 813343
Eltec EleMronik GmbH. Galileo- Galilei- StraBe,
6500 Maim 42. Postfadi 65. West Germany
TEL 06131-50031. TLX 4187273
PEP ElektrorNk Systeme GmbH, Am Klosterwal d 4
0-8950 Kautbeuren. West Germany
TEL 06341-8974. TLX $41233
CERTIFIED
SOFTWARE
CORPORATION
P.O. BOX 70, RANDOLPH, VT 05060 USA
TELEPHONE: (802) 728-4062
FAX: (802) 728-4126
a lEreraiBniuagigJEBTiMBniaBiBiSM^
FLEX™/SK-DOS VMS-DOS-
Transfer Utilities
For 68XXX and CoCo* OS-9- Systems
Now READ - WRITE - DIR - DUMP - EXPLORE
FLEX, SK-DOS & MS-DOS Disk
These Utilities come with a rich set of options allowing the
transfer of text type files from/to FLEX & MS-DOS disks.
CoCo systems require the D.P. Johnson SDISK utilities and OS-9 and two
drives of which one must be a "host" floppy.
CoCo Version: $69.95 68XXX Version $99.95
S.E. Media
615 842-6809
PO Box 849, HixsonJN 37343
MC/Vlsa
'MimMMmmM&&SMSJSMSMS!SMiM!3MSI&SS[MS$m^!^M&M>S&&iMM
§
B
58
January '89
68 Micro Journal
r
"\
SK*DOS*/68K
Read the fine print to see what's in SK*DOS/68K:
D Full DOS documentation plus on-line help □ Multiple directories
□ User-installable device drivers D Install up to 8 different I/O
devices D Keyboard type-ahead □ Print-screen D Virtual (RAM)
disk □ Disk cache D Up 10 10 drives D SW" or 1W floppy drives D
Hard diives to 64 megabytes each □ I/O redirection to drives or I/O
□ Time/date stamping of files D File or disk write protect (even
hard disk) G Batch files D Support for 68000, 68010, 68020 D
Monochrome or color video board support D Read and write MS-
DOS disk files O 6809 Emulator D Powerful utilities such as copy-by-
date, undelete, show differences between files, prompted delete, text
file browse, and more • all included O Simple Basic included □ Fast
assembler included □ Line editor included □ User support via
newsletter and BBS □ Available software: C compiler, full Basic,
screen editors, disassemblers, crcEs-assemblcrs, spelling checker, text
formatter, music editor, hard disk manager, ROM-based debugger,
modem communications programs, etc. More compilers coming. G
(Some features may not be implemented in all hardware manufac-
turers' implementations.)
Individual copies of SK*DOS/68K are $140; less in
K quantity or when bundled with hardware. Send
for our 6809 / 68K hardware and software
catalog. Also available as part of our
hardware/software educational course.
Software Systems Corp.
P. O. Box 209J
Mt. Kisco, NY 10549
(914)241-0287
BBS (914) 241-3307 Fax (914) 241-8607
»*••*•••••
Apple
Macintosh-
S Users
Save over a $1,000.00
on PostScript
Laser Printers!
Faster - Finer Quality
than the original Apple
LaserWriter!
New & Demos
Cartridges-new-rebuilts
-colors-
in Chattanooga Calls
Kl 5 842-1600
QMS-Authorized
Data-Comp Division
SOFTWARE
68000 C CROSS-COM1ULER
tun ■ ixma.Msoos.VMX.xtmx iommct OMiri
AcafCJ X*R C tapage, prowl WWUU RacmNc t cudr
IKlueto6H0]Oenn«ncmhkr. fchnnci prutttfed fen SKDOS. he I may be modified
CROSS-ASSEMBLERS WITH MACRO CAPABILITIES
each ist.nj:x.os9.i'mru:x.mitosx , 'tix.%xous.xEMX hum aiusioo
SpctiSr l*Jl.6W3. 6801/1 !. BUCK. «>5. 6809. 7Jt. Z«0. SOM. 8OT1. HJJ5. 6M>)0. 13XX1
Mudnup creti-tsarrnbkei m C. »nll haFIAinfcaaJ BUlejca Source* (a» arMiburvd SX> each. 5100 for
!. $)O0l»adl
CMODEM TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM
tlM.itSOOS£xOOS.VmXJFtS.XjOStJtENIX.VNIHjliX OHJECTONI.r: EACH ISO
Memr-drivee *i» Icnouxl mode file nuIs.MKMI. XONXOfF.ar
SUPER SLEUTH DISASSEMBLERS
Eun I9?ru:x t touts* iteovmfLEX owecnymx- each ste nj-xmt.coco
l/umclj vely renorfle wwc tea *aa. arnh labeb, <nr hide* im(, Emory cdtbef
Srjxify 6K0U. I J . O ji ,<MM02 vrumi « /MVWMii^ uriwai
COCODOS>mkhle>>i6«00.IJ.).«JI.W6W2 mvn (not 2X\VR>J>) only
MOID irnoi «IO>-FLF.X,OS»,IJNin>'X.MSUaS,ltNIX^KUOt>.XKNX
DEBUGGING SIMULATORS FOR POPULAR 8-BIT CPUS
ea cu tfs-FiJSt SIM-OS9 u».VNiru:x 0ajKcr.oNi.x each sst.coco nut, c<ko 0S9
luenrvnl y simulate !■*•**■»*. rncaadD duaaacmbly fvexaasc. Dina/y editing
Specify fi»«0WI.(l4)6»li.6Wl.tS<X>O5<'iinly. e*)flIX<xily
ASSEMBLER CODE TRANSLATORS FOR 6502. 6800/1, 6809
DUuUW vufuix tm.ost ut.vmri.EX
ttOOII to MOT A MOT tt (xn.lwt fjd.fl ex nSOS9 Oily U0- VNIflfX
FULLSCREEN XBASIC PROGRAMS .lib nn« romrol
AVAILABLE FOR H.EX. U-MFI.EX. AW) MSDOS
DwpUy Qwnuw I Ooewiuoier
Mailie* LiaSytWm
I:...- wah MRP
Ttbull Ran Spread ]6cct
$50 */*larte. S25 widluut
4100 w/souree. JW »id»w
SlOOw/Kjon.. SS0*nre«
HOC w/ieuTK. ISO.ilfiw
DISK AND XBASIC UTILITY PROGRAM LIBRARY
tStfLEX tltUNiri.EXIUSOOS
fcrtl did! reenrx aon dirtx*»; . matruAin mutt calaaoR.do diu* mu
BASIC rug**" ■ ««' BASIC pnjefirti . etc roe r-"LEX venaan include
iCToqoeWfC seme or Bjl
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
FOR THE COMPUTING COMMUNITY
CUSTOMIZED PROGRAMMING
W** will c»uomL»f any of the v*v% mmt deaenbrd m thu ad-tmiemeni or in our bmchwr for
qiccutlutad cuik*fw» «ft or lo covet «■* p>nxe»oa; uV charge for suxfi euaiurnuaiion drrxoib
upon ihe mu1( lablt liy of the ayrAit^-^rmt^
CONTRACT PROGRAMMING
Wc «vill out ncwpn^imi or mudiiy -eitniru (nocrvru on • cwnniU &oms.« ucrncc *c h#vc
pmvulcd for aver ttveMp ftm, dw crxnpu*r* on wIvkN wt ittvt performed contract pvucnramirf
utctudc moM popular «w*V4* o/ nuirtfrsfliri. inv Iwlin^ IHM B*™**fc». Uiu»«c. Honey *xU. most
popubf modeb of mint«ornpiB£r-|. includiAS DEC, IBM. DO, MP. ATAT, maj mod poj^Lu
brands of mown puun. inclwdini t#X¥ 1 , 68*9. Z»0. 6M2, <«(»•, au*V nwfl •pprtT»ua?
teogtiigo and oiffn uns tyiw«»«, db tjUcmt n>isi«g in mc from Urge it k*K7^,in«tiQn« m
nngk tkaurf conODlfat: Aec<Wlcror0o'incl (■Ptjnviw'itnS « uuall y by ihr >\w or byihcuifc-
C0NSULTIN<;
We otttr i wife rtngc of wu«"ir" ml locftruc*)
t7unmf ind dcjlpt, on My topic reUlcfl 10
baaed ujun uim. ir»vel. aAd eApsnaBv
lavrec*. incloarni) untruvi. advice,
r. the crwjc for caanluatf i» nvwullr
Computer Systems Consultants Inc.
UM Law Lane
Copycn. Coorfta VSUfft
<4O4>481*170 . (40D-UU 1717
li L mi «BiT«n Mom t«|rw . ■«• jn* ■■if . , OS. 44 llM 114 ^|
» .-I*. ,:s,#jM*Mia. wn.i|irj ,Aii...i. l ,,.M| l .i.«. n i<t
63 Mcio Journal
January '69
59
Clearbrook Software Group (604)853-9H8
CSG IMS is THE full featured relation-
al database manager for OS9/OSK.
The comprehensive structured ap-
plication language and B +Tree index
structures make CSG IMS the Ideal
tool for file-intensive applications.
CSG IMS for CoCo2/3 OS9 LI/2 (single user) $169.95
CSG IMS for OS9 L2 or 68000(mul« user) $495.00
CSG IMS demo with manual $30
SERINA - System Mode Debugger for OS9 L2
allows you to trace execution of any system- module,
set break points, assemble and disassemble code and
examine and change memory.
Requires CoCo3 or Gimlx II, OS9 12 & 80 col. terminal $139.00
MSF - MSDos File Manager lor C0C0 3/OS9 Level 2
allows you to use MSDos disks directly under OS9.
Requires C0C0 3, OS9 12. SDISK3 driver $45.00
ERINA - Symbolic User Mode Debugger for OS9
lets you find bugs by displaying the machine state and
Instuctlons being executed. Set break points, change
memory, assemble and disassemble code.
Requires 80 column display, OS9 L1/2 S69.00
Shipping: N. America - $5, Overseas - $10
Clearbrook Software Group P.O. Box 6000-499, Sumas, WA 98295
OSS It ft Iradtmtffc of Mlcrowira Syittmi Corp., MSOot It i Iradamlrfc of Microsoft Corp.
SPECIAL
ATARI™
&
OS-9™
NOW!
If you have either the
Atari 520 or 1040 -
you can take
advantage of the
"bargain of a lifetime"
OS-9 68K and BASIC
all for the low, low price of:
$150.00
Call or Write
S.E. AAedia
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
Hixson, TTSI 37343
<bl5 842-4601
f~
">
ATARI & AMIGA
CALL
As most of you know, we are very sensitive to your
wishes, as concerns the contents of these pages. One of
the things that many of you have repeatedly written or
called about is coverage for the Atari & Amiga™ series of
68000 computers.
Actually we haven't been too keen on those systems
due to a lack of serious software. They were mainly
expensive "game-toy" systems. However, recently we are
seeing more and more honest-to-goodness serious soft-
ware for the Atari & Amiga machines. That makes a differ-
ence. 1 feel that we are ready to start some serious looking
into a section for the Atari Sc Amiga computers. Especially
so since OS-9 is now running on the Atari (review copy on
the way for evaluation and report to you) and rumored for
the Amiga. Many of you are doing all kinds of interesting
things on these systems. By sharing we all benefit.
This I must stress - Input from you on the Atari
& Amiga. As most of you are aware, we are a
"contributor supported" magazine. That means
that YOU have to do your part. Which is the way it
has been for over 10 years. We need articles, tech-
nical, reviews of hardware and software, pro-
gramming (all languages) and the many other fac-
ets of support that we have pursued for these many
years. Also I will need several to volunteer to do
regular columns on the Atari & Amiga systems.
Without constant input we can't make it fly! So, If
you do your part, we certainly will do ours. How
about it, drop me a line or give me a phone call and
I will get additional information right back to you.
We need your input and support if this is to succeed!
DMW
^.
60
January '89
68 Micro Journal
THE 6800-6809 BOOKS
..HEAR Y£. HEAR
OS-9"
User Notes
By: Peter Dibbfe
The publishers of 68' Micro Journal are proud to sake
available the publication o( Peter Dibbles
os9 uses ions
Information for the BtCWER Co the FRO.
tegular or CoCo 059
Using 0S9
HELP, HINTS, PROBLEMS, REVIEWS, SUGGESTIONS. COMPLAINTS,
0S9 STANDARDS, Generating a New Bootstrap, Building a
new System Disk, 0S9 Users Group, etc.
Program Interfacing Co 0S9
DEVICE DESCRIPTORS, DIRECTORIES, "FORKS", PROTECTION.
"SUSPEND STATE", "f'lPES - , "INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM", etc.
Programming Language a
Assembly Language Programs and Interfacing; 8«8lc09, C,
Pascal, and Cobol reviews, programs, and uses; etc.
Diaka Include
Vo Cyplng all the Source UaClnga Id. Source Code and,
where applicable, assembled or compiled Operating
Programs. The Source and the Discussions in the
Columns can be used "as is", or as a "Starting Point"
for developing your OWN more powerful Programs.
Programa sometimes use multiple Languages auch as a
ahort Assembly Language Routine for reading a
Directory, which la then "piped" to a Baslc09 Routine
for output formatting, etc.
BOOK $9.95
Typeset — w/ Source Listings
(3-Hole Punched; B x 11)
Deluxe Under .... SS.SO
FLEX™
USER NOTES
By: Ronald Anderson
The publishers of 68 MICRO JOURNAL are proud to
ke available the publication of Ron Anderaon'a FIJU
DSKR MOTES, in book form. This popular monthly column
has been a regular feature in 68' MICRO JOURNAL SINCE
1979. It has earned the reapect of thousands of
6B MICRO JOURNAL readera over the years. In fact,
n's column has been described as the 'Bible' for 6BXX
ultra, by some of the world's leading microprocessor
prof eaalonala. The most needed and popular 68XX book
available. Over the years Ron'a column has been one of
the most popular in 6B MICRO JOURNAL. And of courae
6B MICRO JOURNAL is the moat popular 6BXX magazine
published.
Listed below are a few of the TUT filea included In the
book and on diskette.
All TEXT ties in Ihe book are on the disks
LOGOC1 File load program to of'set memory — ASM PIC
MEMOVE C1 Memory move program — ASM PIC
DUMP C1 Pnnler dump program — uses LOGO — ASM PIC
SUBTEST CI Simulation ol 6800 code to 6609. show differences — ASM
TERMEM C2 Modem input lo disk (or other port input to disk) — ASM
M C2 Output a file to modem (or another pen) — ASM
PRINT C3 Parallel (enhanced) pnnler driver — ASM
MODEM C2 TTL oulpul to CRT and modem (or other pot) — ASM
SCIPKQCl Scientific math routines — PASCAL
U C4 Mini-momior. disk resident, many useful functions — ASM
PRINTC4 Parallel pnnler dnver. without PFIAG — ASM
SETC5 Set printer modes — ASM
SET8AS1 C5 Set pnnler modes — A-BASIC
NOTE: .C1..C2, etc. -Chapter 1, Chapter 2, etc.
••Over 30 TEXT flies Included is ASM (assembler)-PASCAL-
PIC (position independent code) TSC BASIC-C, etc.
All Source Listings on Disk
1-8" SS, SD Disk $14.95
2-5" SS, DD Disks $24.95
Book only: $7.95 + $2.50 S/H
With disk: 5" $20.90 + $2.50 S/H
With disk: 8" $22.90 + $2.50 S/H
Shipping & Handling $3.30 pet Book, $2.30 pej Disk, set
Foreign Orders Add $4 50 Surface Miil
or $7 00 Air Mail
If paying by check - Please allow 4-6 weeks delivery
* All Currency in U.S. Dolltrs
Continually Updated In 68 Micro Journal Monthly
Computer Publishing Inc.
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
Hixson, TN 37343
FLEX ts a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants
"0S9 is a tradenark of Mlcroware and Motorola
*68' Micro Journal la a trademark of Computer Publishing Inc.
(615)842-4601
Tetex 5106006630
68 Micro Journal
January '89
61
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Reader Service Disks
Bisk- I Fileson, Miro'eat, Minicopy .Minimis. "Lifetime. "Poetry,
•♦Foodlisi. "Diet.
Disk- 2 Diskedil w/ inst.i fixes, Piime, •Pnnod, "Snoopy,
"Football, "Hexpawn,"Lifetime.
Disk- 3 Cbug09, Seel. Scc2. Find. Table2, Intcxi, Disk-exp.
•Disksave.
Disk- 4 Mailing Program, 'Finddai, 'Change, •Tesidisk.
Disk- S 'DISKFDC 1. •DISKFDC 2. "LETIT-R, "LOVES1GN,
"BLACKJAK, "BOWLING.
Disk- 6 "Purchase Order, Index (Disk file indx).
Disk- 7 Linking Loader, Rload, Darkness.
Disk- 8 Cncst, Lanpher (May 82).
Disk- 9 Daiecopy, Diskfix9 (Aug 82).
Disk- 10 Home Accounting (July 82).
Disk-11 Dissembler (June 84).
I31.sk- 12 Modem68 (May 84).
Disk- 13 'iniunfaS, Testmf68,«Cleanup.«Dskalign.Hclp,Daic.Txl.
Dlsk-14 Mnil, 'Test, •Terminal, 'Find. •Diskedil, Inil.Lib.
Dlsk-lS Modem9 + Updates (Dec. 84 Gilchrist) to Modcm9
(April 84 Commo).
Disk- 16 Copy Txi, Copy.Doc.Cat.Txt.Cat.DOC.
Disk- 17 Match Utility, RATBAS, A Basic Preprocessor.
Disk-Id Parse. Mod, Size.Cmd (Sept. 85 Armstiong),CMDCODE,
CMD.Txl (Sept. 85 Spray).
Disk-19 Clock, Date, Copy, Cat. PDELAsm &. Doc.. Errors.Sys,
Do, Log. Asm & Doc.
Disk- 20 UNIX Like Tools (July & Sept 85 Taylor A Gilchrist).
Diagon.C, Gtep.C. LS.C, FDUMP.C.
Dlsk-21 Utilities & Games - Dale. Life, Madness, Touch, Goblin,
Slarshoi, & 15 more.
Dlsk-22 Read CPM & Non-FLEX Disks. Fiaser May 1984.
Dlsk-23 ISAM, Indexed Sequential file Accessing Method s,
Condon Nov. 1985. Extensible Table Driven. Language
Recognition Utility, Anderson March 1986.
Disk-24 68' Micro Journal Index of Articles & Bit Bucket Items
fiom 1979 - 1985, John Current.
Disk-2S KERMTr for FLEX derived from the UNIX ver. Burg
Feb. 1986. (2)-5" Disks or(l)-8" Disk.
l)isk-26 Compacla UniBoard icvicw, code & diagiam, Burtiaon
Match '86.
Disk-27 ROTABIT.TXT. SUMSTEST.1XT, CONDATA.TXT,
BADMEN.TXT.
Dlsk-28 CI 82 limulator, bit mapped.
Disk-29 "Star Trek
Disk-30 Simple Winchester, Dec. '86 Green.
Dlsk-31 "• RcadAViiie MS/PC-DOS (SK'DOS)
Dlsk-32 Hcir-UNIX Type upgrade -68MJ 2/87
Dlsk-33 Build the GT 4 Terminal - 68MJ 1 1/87 Condon.
Dlsk-34 FLEX 6809 Diagnostics, Disk Drive Test, ROM Test,
RAM Test - 68MJ 4/88Koipi.
NOTE:
This is a reader service ON LYI No Warranty is offered or implied, they are
as leccived by 68' Micro Journal, and arc for reader convenience ONLY
(some MAY include fixes or patches). Also 6800 and 6819 programs are
mixed, as each is fairly simple (mostly) to convert to Ihe other. Software is
available to cross-assemble all.
• Denotes 6800 - •• Denotes BASIC
••« Denotes 68000 - 6809 no indicator.
8" disk $19.50
5" disk $16.95
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kfc- _->a^aW_- -^
J
62
January '89
68 Micro Journal
K-BASIC™
The Only 6809 BASIC to Binary Compiler for OS-9
FLEX or SK*D()S
Even runs on the 68XXX SK*D()S Systems*
............. - N
J Hundreds Sold at \
| Suggested Retail: §
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• 6809 - 0S-9™ users can now transfer their FLEX™
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OS-9 binary "CMD" program. Much faster than BASIC
programs.
• 6809 - FLEX users can compiler their BASIC source
files to a regular FLEX *.CMO" file. Much faster execu-
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• 68XXX - SK'DOS™ users running on 68XXX systems
(such as the Mustang-08/A) can continue to execute
their 6809 FLEX BASIC and compiled programs while
getting things ported over to the 68XXX. SK'DOS
allows 6809 programs to run in emulation mode. This is
the only system we know of that will run both 6809 &
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K-BASIC is a true compiler. Compiling BASIC 6809 pro-
grams to bnary com mand type programs. The savings
in RAM needed and the increased speed of binary
execution makes this a must for the serious user. And
the price is now RIGHT!
Don't get caught up in the "Learn a New Lan-
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BASIC, Debug it En BASIC and Then Compile
it to a .CMD Binary File.
For a LIMITED time
save over 65%...
This sale will not be
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Over 1,200 Titles - 6800«Ba»68arjo
* K-BASIC writ iwi infer 58XXX SK'DOS n onultftn nwfc for (he 6809.
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68 Micro Journal
January '89
63
PT-68000 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER
The PT68K2 is Available in a Variety of Formats
From Basic Kits to Completely Assembled Systems
BASIC KIT (8 MHZ) - Board. 66000,
HUMBUG MONITOR * BASIC in ROM,
4K STATIC RAM. 2 SERIAL PORTS, all
Components $200
PACKAGE DEAL - Complete Kit with
Board 68000 10 MHZ. SK'DOS, 512K
RAM. and all Necessary Parts $575
ASSEMBLED BOARD (12 MHZ)
Completely Tested, 1024K RAM.
FLOPPY CONTROLLER. PIA, SK'DOS
$899
ASSEMBLED SYSTEM- 10 MHZ
BOARD. CABINET POWER SUPPLY,
MONITOR ♦ KEYBOARD, 80 TRACK
FLOPPY DRIVE, CABLES $1299
For A 20 MEG DRIVE, CONTROLLER
and CABLES Add $295
PROFESSIONAL OS9
"«KTX>S b a Trademark ot
STAR-K SOFTWARE SYSTEMS CORP.
"OSB b a Tradarart d Mlcrowaia
$500
UlililB
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FEATURES
MC68000 Processor. B MHZ Clock (optional
10,12.5 MHZ)
51 2K or 1024K ot DRAM (no wail stales)
4K of SPAM (6116)
32K.64K or 128K ot EPROM
Four RS-232 Serial Ports
Floppy disk controller will control up to lour
5 1/4". 40 or 60 track
Clock with on-board battery
2 - 8 bit Parallel Ports
Board can be mounted in an IBM type PC/
XT cabinet and has a power connector to
match the IBM type power supply.
Expansion ports - 6 IBM PC/XT compatible
I/O ports The HUMBUG- monitor supports
monochrome and/or color adaptor cards
and Western Digital Winchester interface
cards
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BRAND NEW units. Note that these
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Make: BoEchert
Sbc: 10.S x 5 x 15 inches
Including heavy mounting bracket and heafcink.
Raring; in 1 10/220 vote ac (strap change) Out: 130 wans
Output: +5v ■ 10 amps
+12v - 4.0 amps
+12v . 20 amps
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Mating Onnaxw. Terminal strip
Load Reaction: Airturmix. sh»t circuit recovery
SPECIAL: $59.95 esdi
2 or more $49.95 each
Add: 57.50 each S/M
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Make: Bcethert
Size: 10.75 x 6.2 x 2J25 inches
Rating: 110/220 ac (strap change) Out: 81 watts
Outputs: +5v . 8.0 amps
+12v -24 amps
+12v - 1A amps
+12v - 2.1 amps
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Mating Ovraaos: Molex
Load Reaction: Aiflanalic short encuil recovery
SPCOAL: $49.95 each
2 or more $39.95 each
Add S7J0S/He»A
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S9O0 Ckaasndrs Smith Rd, tfjacn, Try 37343 Telephone 615 842^4600
Telex 510 6CXW630
J
SJ
January '89
68 Micro Journal
Mj^^the — llStaiV'
Now Offenng *FLEX" (2 Versions)
AND 'STAR-DOS PLUS+ '"
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UnSte other 68006 systems there are several significant
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RAM uses NO wait stales, this means fid bora MUSTANG type
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Abo, albwrg tor addressable HDMPROM the RAM is the
maximum slowed tor a 68008. The 68008 can only address a
total of 1 Megabytes of RAM The design afbws al the RAM
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avalabte to the user is requhaJ and reserved for the system
A RAM daK of 480K can be aaaiy corfgurad. tea*? 288K
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^
Trxae *tih SWTC r*<ten*ry RfX 5' - OJ for %^dd No.
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